All issues
Volume 28 (1986)
- Issue 4 Pages 161-
- Issue 3 Pages 109-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 28, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
KENPEI SHIINA1986 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 53-63
Published: June 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA maximum likelihood nonmetric multidimensional scaling procedure is developed for word sequences obtained in free-recall experiments in order to spatialy represent the structure of semantic memory. A Monte Carlo simulation showed that this procedure can reproduce given configulations, and a tentative application to empirical data (free-recall data of historical personages by the author as the subject) gave promising results. The procedure has two aspects: mathematical modeling of free-recall and the application of the constant utility model (Luce & Suppes, 1965) to multidimensional scaling. Relations to other maximum likelihood MDS's and the SAM model for memory retrieval (Raaijmakers & Shiffrin, 1981) are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Individual's responses and the mass media's coverageHIROTADA HIROSE1986 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 64-76
Published: June 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe search for ways to predict major earthquakes has become the greatest scientific challenge of our day. To date, there are two regions where large earthquakes are long-term-predicted by scientific methods: the state of California of the United States and the Tokai district of Japan. Focusing on the Tokai Earthquake prediction, the author has carried out survey analyses of individual reactions and the mass media's coverage of this prediction in Shizuoka Prefecture, where the heaviest casualities are expected by the Tokai Earthquake. The mass media have passed on a great deal of earthquake information to the public. They have played a major role in strengthening public concern and anxiety. According to the present study, people in Shizuoka Prefecture are anxious about the possibility of the Tokai Earthquake, and they are aware of the danger which the earthquake poses, but preparedness activity is fast approaching to a plateau and is not expected to show any significant increases in the near future. People have learned to live with the threat of danger.View full abstractDownload PDF (787K) -
TADASU OYAMA1986 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 77-86
Published: June 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of stimulus organization on numerosity discrimination was studied, where 24, 40, 4, and 13 undergraduate students served as the subjects in four experiments. A test pattern consisting of 1 to 15 dots was presented for 20 to 200 ms. The subject's task was to report the perceived number of dots as soon as possible. The results of Experiment l indicated that the numerosity discrimination was better for the stimulus patterns consisting of four or five spatially separated subgroups of dots, than for the patterns consisting of dots distributed in the whole area with an equal probability. However, Experiments 2 and 3 indicated that this improved numerosity discrimination only occurs when dot-patterns in subgroups are simple and regular. Experiment 4 showed that the improved numerosity discrimination is correlated with shorter reaction times, and suggested that the effect of stimulus organization can be attributed to more rapid processing, by means of a strategy in which stimulus-dots in each group is subitized and then summed up together. Perceptual grouping is not necessarily accompanied by improved numerosity discrimination.View full abstractDownload PDF (786K) -
YOSHIHISA HAMAMURA, JUICHI KOBAYASHI1986 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 87-93
Published: June 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this experiment was to study some intrinsic factors relevant to the stress-reducing effect of fighting. Two-factorial design was employed: one factor was to concern the nature of reactive feedback that came from each target animal, and another to concern the nature of social contact (visual and/or bodily). The main results were as follows:(i) the animals shocked together and fought with each other tended to show less severe gastric lesions than both of those animals that received the same amount of shock either solitarily or under the condition that they were permitted to attack their target animals exposed to no shock, and (ii) the stress-reducing effect of fighting was observed only when animals were allowed to make bodily contact with their target animals. These results indicates that the mere release of aggression is not sufficient to reduce the degree of gastric lesions, but some social elements plays an important role in the stress-reducing effect of fighting.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
YUJI HOSHINO1986 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 94-103
Published: June 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConservative placement of a criterion was investigated in a numerical decision task where the subjects were required to make binary decisions on five-digit numbers drawn from two overlapping normal distributions. In Experiment 1 (subjects were 32 graduates and undergraduates), there were two conditions of discriminability determined by the degree of the overlap of distributions. Although observed cutoff locations for uneven prior probabilities of stimulus distributions were conservative in both conditions, the subjects in the low discriminative condition changed their cutoff placement less than those in the high discriminative condition. In both conditions, subjects' response probabilities were close to the prior probabilities. In Experiment 2 (subjects were eight graduates and undergraduates), the verbal protocol during the task showed that ambiguous impressions were used for judgments and that responses were made as accurately as possible to both stimulus distributions. It was concluded that the heuristics the subjects used in the task could account for the conservative cutoff placement and that the heuristics confirmed their judgments.View full abstractDownload PDF (842K) -
YASUHARU OKAMOTO1986 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 104-107
Published: June 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBirnbaum (1974)'s crossover interaction effect caused by variations of stimulus distributions was cited by Parducci (1983) as an incompatible evidence with the adaptation-level theory (Helson, 1964). In this report, the author showed that a non-log-linear version of the adaptation-level theory can predict the crossover interaction, in contrast with Parducci. There remains a possibility that the stimulus frequency affected on sensory processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (240K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|