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Volume 28 (1986)
- Issue 4 Pages 161-
- Issue 3 Pages 109-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 28, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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SIBABRATA CHATTERJI, MANJULA MUKERJEE1986 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 161-167
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEfficacy of any selection depends upon (a) proper identification of variables relevant for success;(b) determination of the typical combination of the variables i.e., profile. The present study aimed at isolating this typical profile of a set of selection variables to maximise prediction. Two groups of subjects were classified into different clusters through (i) cluster analysis using Distance Function, (ii) Q-technique. Difference between the two analyses centers round the effect of elevation and scatter on the profile, which is retained in Distance Function and eliminated in Q-technique. The two procedures produced different sets of clusters. Clusters formed by Distance Function were small in number and distinct in nature. This, however, was not achieved through use of Q-technique. Clusters formed by Distance Function successfully classified individuals with high probability of success whereas the other procedure failed to do so. It indicates that elevation and scatter are important factors in isolating the profile of successful individuals and not their patterns only.View full abstractDownload PDF (564K) -
KOTARO SUZUKI1986 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 168-175
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of oculomotor cues on the apparent size of afterimages was examined. Five students served as subjects. In Experiment (a), subjects projected afterimages monocularly and binocularly onto the projection field in a lit room or onto the plane imagined at a pointlight in a dark room. The distances of projection ranged from 25 to 300 cm. Subjects reproduced the apparent sizes of these afterimages. The result was that, whereas in the lit room the apparent size of afterimages changed proportionally with the distance of projection, it changed little beyond about 200 cm in the dark room. It suggests that the oculomotor cues are available within 200 cm for size and distance perception. In Experiment (b), subjects reproduced the apparent sizes of entoptic afterimages as well as those of afterimages seen in complete darkness. The result was that the former corresponded to the size of afterimages localized at about 30 cm and the latter to that at 60 cm. These distances are thought to be related to the resting positions of accommodation. In Experiment (c), subjects tried to alter the apparent size of afterimages voluntarily. Whereas all the subjects could alter it in the lit room, none of them could do so in complete darkness, probably since accommodation and convergence were locked in their resting positions.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
SHUZO SUGITA1986 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 176-185
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight rats were trained to detect differences between two durations of empty intervals (0.9 s vs. 3.9 s) with which brief tones (100 ms) were repeated. A standard yes/no procedure was used. In the training, two fixed levers were used and rats had to withhold responding until the second tone was presented (signaled differential reinforcement of long latencies). Five rats reached the criterion. The learning process was analyzed with the signal detection theory. The increase of detectability index (d') and the modification of response bias (β) were shown. For the rats reaching the criterion, a staircase method was used to determine the difference limen for the duration of an empty auditory interval ranging from .5 to 16 s. A generalized Weber model provided a better approximation to the growth in the differential limen as a function of the duration of stimuli than a generalized Counter model. The Weber fraction obtained in the present study was similar to that obtained by Church, Getty, and Lerner (1976). These results also helped to further clarify the difference between rats and humans in duration discrimination.View full abstractDownload PDF (732K) -
AKIHISA HIROTA, HISASHI HIRAI1986 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 186-195
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research was performed to test Lang's theory (1979a) about psychophysiological changes accompanied with the emotional imagery. The purposes were to reconfirm his observation, and to investigate further the effects of response- and stimulus-oriented trainings on psychophysiological responses to various propositional structures of imagery when subjects were asked to imagine freely instead of using given imagery scripts. Twenty subjects were devided into stimulus and response groups. After a relaxation training, the stimulus and the response groups were given the stimulus and the response-oriented trainings, respectively. All subjects then, took, the script imagery test and the free imagery test. Measures in IBI, respiration, EMG, and temperature during neutral, fear, and action scenes in the test battery were analysed. The results generally support Lang's hypothesis, that the response-oriented imagery is more effective in eliciting psychophysiological changes than the stimulus-oriented imagery. For the free imagery condition, no physiological differences between two oriented groups were apparent in all scenes. The results however, suggested, that the propositional structure of imagery were altered by the proposition oriented training.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
SHIN'ICHIRO OKAMOTO, YASUJI SUGAHARA1986 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 196-201
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 2×2+1 design experiment was conducted, in which the credibility of postevent information (Low Credibility vs. High Credibility) and the salience of misleading words (Salient vs. Nonsalient) were independent variables, with a control group without misleading information. Fifty-seven male students saw a film, and after 20 min read misleading postevent information (the experimental groups only), followed by multiple recognition tests. Contrary to previous studies, the main effects of credibility was not significant in terms of acceptance of misleading information. While nonsalient misleading information was more effective than salient one when credibility was low, the trend was reversed when credibility was high.View full abstractDownload PDF (482K)
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