Japanese Psychological Research
Online ISSN : 1468-5884
Print ISSN : 0021-5368
Volume 29, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • HIDEKO OHMURA
    1987 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
    Published: February 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Previous findings on intermodal apparent movement indicate that intersensory effect in it is asymmetric with respect to acoustic and visual systems. It has also been suggested that the difference between the latencies for the light stimulus and for the sound stimulus may coincide with the point of maximum facilitation in perception. The present study examined whether stimulation of the visual and auditory modalities acted symmetrically or reciprocally in their influence on each other under the different stimulus-onset asynchronies in apparent motion. The results were as follows: (1) Intersensory effect was asymmetric with respect to acoustic and visual systems, that is, only the effect of visual stimulus on auditory apparent movement was found. (2) There were two kinds in this effect: suppression in the shorter range of SOA and facilitation in the longer range. (3) The difference between the latencies for the single stimuli had no influences on likelihood of perceived movement. These findings are discussed along the transsensory view.
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  • SHIGERU ICHIHARA
    1987 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 10-16
    Published: February 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Prolonged viewing of high contrast grating is known to cause an apparent shift in subsequent spatial frequency perception. This experiment tested the effect of compound adapting gratings composed of the fundamental and the third harmonic which were in phase or 180° out of phase. Six well trained subjects served the experiment. Perceptual frequency shift was found to occur as predicted but no phase effect was found. This was confirmed by multiple correlation solutions where the compound effects, the target variable, were explained by independent contributions of the effect of componental sinusoidals. It was concluded that the change in the sensitivity of some spatial-frequency-tuned mechanisms due to an adaptation to stimulus frequency caused the perceived spatial frequency shift and the hypothetical mechanisms are mutually independent with respect to frequency.
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  • A Japanese study
    HIROSHI AZUMA, KEIKO KASHIWAGI
    1987 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 17-26
    Published: February 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to examine the concept of intelligence among Japanese. Male and female college students, and mothers of female students were asked to think of an intelligent person, and to rate each of 67 descriptors according to whether it fits that person or not. It was found out that some of the descriptors were highly general regardless of the background of the person to be described, and that some were specific to the sex and other backgrounds of the person. As compared to the results of studies in the U.S., descriptors related to the receptive social competence tended to be associated with high intelligence, especially when the person to be described was a woman. The factor structure found in Japanese subjects which showed the predominant factor of social competence differed from that for Americans reported by Sternberg. Sex stereotyping in the concept of intelligence was also observed: Descriptors for a female target, compared those of a male target, were distributed more heavily in the domain of social competence and the reading and writing. Sex-role differentiation in concept was more pronounced in the responses of male students as compared to those of female subjects.
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  • FUMIKO MATSUDA, MICHIHIKO MATSUDA
    1987 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 27-36
    Published: February 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The role of learning in accuracy of duration estimation was examined using the response duration schedule with 155 children in 6 groups between the ages of 3 and 9 years and with 20 adults. The main results were as follows:(a) Most children over 3 years 10 months of age could learn to estimate more or less exactly the duration of a 10s interval by using visual and verbal feedback.(b) The number of trials to reach the criterion (estimations within ±1s of the true value) decreased with age.(c) In the early learning period, response duration estimations were generally too short but lengthened rapidly in the later stages, though very long response durations were often shown by 3-year-old children in the early stages.(d) The ability to fine tune the duration estimation by using feedback increased with age. These findings were explained by Matsuda's model of duration estimation.
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  • HIROSHI HOJO
    1987 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 37-41
    Published: February 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sixteen schematic faces with two defining properties of eyes and lips drawn by arcs with varying curvatures were rank ordered by 37 university students according to their perceived intensities of smiling. The data were analyzed by a nonmetric maximum likelihood scaling method for directional rank order data. The analysis revealed (a) that the unconstrained model assuming no psychophysical relationships between the two curvatures of eyes and lips and the judged intensity of smiling fits the data better than a psychophysical function having a linear combination of the two curvatures as an independent variable, or than an additive function of two psychological effects elicited by eyes and lips, respectively;(b) but that the psychophysical function with a term of interaction effects between the two properties is the most appropriate model of the perceived intensity of smiling;(c) that eyes are interpreted twice as important as lips in perception of intensity of smiling of faces.
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  • TOSHIYUKI YAMASHITA, KOTARO MATSUURA
    1987 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 42-47
    Published: February 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two-dimensional compensatory tracking of a low frequency random wave target was studied. Experiment 1 was simple tracking by componental one-dimensional movement of the stick either right-and-left (the X component) or back-and-forth (the Y component). Ten subjects served the experiment. The superiority of the performance in the X dimensional task over that in the Y dimensional one was found. The learning characteristics also differed. Experiment 2 was complex tracking by simultaneous two-dimensional movement of the stick. Seven subjects served the experiment. It was found that the two-dimensional tracking was specifiable by the combination of the properties of the X and Y components which were found in Experiment I. Validity of the componental analysis of two dimensional tracking was concluded.
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