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Volume 31 (1989)
- Issue 4 Pages 149-
- Issue 3 Pages 97-
- Issue 2 Pages 45-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 31, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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YOSHIAKI IMAI1989 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 97-107
Published: October 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSocial power is an important attribute of the influencing agent in an interpersonal influence situation. The present study investigated the structure of the influencing agent's social power as perceived by the influence target and the relationship between perceived social power and the perception of being influenced. The Perceived Social Power Scale (PSPS) was devised, and its reliability and validity were assessed to be moderately high. The social power model in Fig.2 was constructed on the basis of the shaping process of social power. It was hypothesized that the “primary power” containing reward, coercive and expert power had indirect effects, as well as direct effects, on the perception of being influenced interactively through the “secondary power” which contained both legitimate and referent power. Path analyses were conducted on the basis of the model as a function of interpersonal relationships. The results supported the model and legitimate power had the largest effect on the perception of being influenced.View full abstractDownload PDF (803K) -
KEIKO MORIYA1989 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 108-115
Published: October 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe developmental process and sex-differences of interpersonal cognition were examined by cross-cultural comparison of English and Japanese pupils, aged between seven and seventeen. Categories used in analysis of interpersonal cognition were ‘emotional evaluation’, ‘social evaluation’ and ‘non-evaluation’ to characterize cognitive styles, and ‘conjecture of mental state’ to characterize cognitive viewpoints. The following are the main results.(1) Significant sex-differences were observed; female subjects were more emotional and conjectural than the male subjects. However, between English female and Japanese male subjects the differences were negligible, that is, the sex-differences were within-cultural ones.(2) Significant cross-cultural differences were also observed. Interpersonal cognition of Japanese subjects was more emotionally evaluative and conjectural as compared with that of English. These findings suggest that the cross-cultural differences and sex-differences in the development of interpersonal cognition are the products of socio-cultural moulding before anything else.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
TAKAO HATAKEYAMA1989 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 116-126
Published: October 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccording to Piaget and Inhelder (1966a), preoperational children cannot represent movement in the images, because the development of imagery depends on that of operation. To test this hypothesis, seventy-one 5-year-old children were classified into three groups of preoperational, transitional and operational levels by means of three kinds of conservation tasks, and were given two mental rotation tasks. In Experiment 1, the subjects were asked to make same-different judgments on pairs of cone figures, one of which was rotated in some direction. In Experiment 2, they were asked to make normal-backward judgments on single rotated numerical figures. The reaction times and errors were analyzed with regard to the three cognitive levels. The findings did not support Piaget and Inhelder's proposal. It is concluded that the operational level has no substantial relationship with the ability to execute mental rotation. The validity of Piaget and Inhelder's “negative definition” of preschool children concerning imagery is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
YUICHI IIZUKA, KATSUMASA MISHIMA, TAKUSO MATSUMOTO1989 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 127-136
Published: October 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to test Patterson's arousal model of nonverbal intimacy. The model proposes that the evaluation of the individual's state of arousal determines the reciprocation or compensation of nonverbal intimacy. Sixty-four male students served as subjects and two male students served as confederates. The confederate attempted to induce in the subject a more or less favorable feeling for him by agreeing or disagreeing with the subject's view on an issue. Subsequently, the confederate increased or maintained the same level of nonverbal immediacy as he did in an earlier session. Hypotheses were as follows:(1) An increase in the confederate's immediacy would effect an increase in the subjects' arousal which, in turn, (2) would lead to either reciprocal or compensatory nonverbal adjustments by subjects, depending on whether they viewed the confederate more or less favorably, respectively. The results provide some limited support for both hypothesis 1 and 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (857K) -
A factor analytical studyMITSUO YOSHIDA, TAKASHI KURODA1989 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 137-142
Published: October 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSocial surveys were conducted at twelve locations of different distances from the coasts in Hyogo prefecture and the middle of Kinki district. Images of the sea and sea affairs were measured by the semantic differential method to investigate relations between the distances and the images. The subjects were 3303 junior and senior high school students (1708 males and 1595 females) and their parents. Three factors were extracted using principal factor analysis and promax rotation: for images of the sea and ships, dynamism, affective evaluation and mental closeness; for images of seamen, dynamism, affective evaluation and professional evaluation of seafarers. Profiles by factor scores were classified into three patterns reflecting geographical characteristics. Two clusters of seaside and mountain districts were obtained by cluster analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (404K) -
KEIKO NAKANO1989 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 143-148
Published: October 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relations between psychological/physical symptoms, hassles, and intervening variables of stress were explored in Japanese subjects. The intervening variables were five coping strategies, Type A behavior, hardiness, social support, and social interest. As expected, there was a strong hassles-symptoms association, and symptoms were related to avoidance, emotion-focused coping, Type A behavior. This study also examined which intervening variables were more effective in decreasing the negative effects of stressors by multivariate analysis of variance. The individuals with high symptoms tended not to use problem-focused coping and showed more Type A behaviors. Further researches in Japanese subjects that would provide a better understanding of intervening variables of stress were proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K)
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