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Volume 33 (1991)
- Issue 4 Pages 145-
- Issue 3 Pages 103-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 33, Issue 3
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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HIDEKI TOYODA1991 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 103-107
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to propose a comparison method for comparing m normal latent distributions in IRT (Item Response Theory). The input data is the sets of the item response patterns to the set of items whose item parameters are known. The process of this method is as follows. First, some likelihood models whose parameters are equal or different between the populations, are constructed. Next, the best model among them is selected by the minimum AIC (Akaike's information criterion). Lastly, equality of latent trait populations are judged. Through the result of computer simulations in case of two samples, this method is shown to be effective for comparing the latent populations.View full abstractDownload PDF (275K) -
SHIGERU YOSHIDA1991 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 108-114
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dual process model (Yoshida, 1990) was applied to VEPs to rectangular pulse lights, and the “contrast potential” based on the model was proposed to account for psychological correlates. Stimulus light disk subtending 2 or 5 degrees in visual angle was presented at three contrast levels (1.0, 2.2, and 3.4) with durations of 10, 50, 100, and 200 ms. Typical VEP data from the midline occiput (Oz) of a well trained male adult were decomposed to the excitatory and inhibitory components of on and off VEPs, whose twelve parameters were determined by the Fletcher-Powell method. Then, the model parameters were predicted by the multiple regression method with the variables of the stimulus conditions. The model waves fitted well the raw data, which suggested that pulse-light VEPs could be described as linear summations of the basic on and off VEPs. The amplitudes of the contrast potentials showed a spatio-temporal summation effect at the durations of 10-100 ms and a maximum enhancement at the duration of 100 ms. The relationships between these physiological properties and the visual perception were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
MOTOO MITSUDA1991 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 115-125
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to elaborate instructional aids in solving arithmetic word problems, structural modeling was used to explain children's failure in using task-appropriate skills. In each of two experiments, half of the mentally handicapped and non-handicapped children were given two word problems with question aids while the other half got no questions. Then, those subjects were administered questionnaires assessing their recognition of problems, identification of sets or their constituents and that of cardinal properties of those sets. Path diagrams obtained for those subjects showed strengthening effects of the question aids upon linkage between their tentative storage capacity and comprehension of cardinality of the set of objects. Discussions focused on metacognitive aspects of skill use.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
United States and JapanATSUKO SUZUKI1991 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 126-133
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe English Form of the Scale of Egalitarian Sex Role Attitudes (SESRA) was administered to 238 American women after the original Japanese Form was developed and administered to 420 Japanese women. The multiple regression analyses suggest that the most important common predicting variables of sex role attitudes for American and Japanese women are education (p<.01 and p<.0001 respectively) and professional/managerial work (p<.01 and p<.001 respectively). A highly educated woman with a career-oriented professional/managerial job is most likely to have an egalitarian sex role attitude. Moreover, an American woman with a job (clerical/semi-professional/self-employed: p<.05) tends to have a more egalitarian sex role attitude than a woman without one. However, for Japanese women, there is a significant difference in their sex role attitudes between women who hold a career-oriented professional/managerial job and all other women, with or without a job. For Japanese women age (p<.05, negative correlation) serves as another, but weaker, predicting variable. Fertility (p<.05) and income (p<.05, negative correlation) are the parallel subordinate predicting variables for American women.View full abstractDownload PDF (650K) -
YOSHIAKI IMAI1991 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 134-144
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study investigated the effects of influence strategies, social power of the influencing agent and cost to comply on compliance with requests. Undergraduate students were required to imagine that one of their friends and an upperclassman in their university's extra curricular activity club were influencing agents and that the agents had asked them to lend a notebook for a final exam and to lend some money. The experimental design was a 2 (the cost to comply with requests: high, low) × 2 (a set of requests: friend-notebook and upperclassman-money, friend-money and upperclassman-notebook) × 9 (influence strategies) factorial design. Respondents rated the extent to which they would comply with the requests under nine influence strategies. The main results were as follows:(a) The respondents were likely to comply when the strategy was reasoning, promise or hinting, while they were unlikely to comply when they were asked by the agent using threat or invoking a role relationship.(b) The respondents were inclined to lend a notebook when perceived social power was high and when cost was low. Only a ignificant main effect of scost was found in the case of money.(c) Influence strategies such as threat, debt and invoking a role relationship lowered women's compliance more than men's.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K)
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