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Volume 34 (1992)
- Issue 4 Pages 117-
- Issue 3 Pages 77-
- Issue 2 Pages 75-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 34, Issue 3
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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HIROKO ISAKA1992 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 77-88
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure of conceptual representations of personality traits was investigated using the 75 trait terms in everyday language which were previously employed for the ratings for actual people (Isaka, 1990). Subjects were asked to estimate how possible it is for each of 75 traits to coexist with the other 74 traits. The three factors obtained corresponding to the common “Big Five” factors (e. g., Norman, 1963) were; 1) Extroversion with a negative connotation, 2) Kindness/Agreeableness, and 3) Dominance and Industriousness/Conscientiousness. The multi-dimensional analysis showed the circular representation of those traits, with seven clusters derived from cluster analysis dividing the circle. This circle was similar to those previously illustrated for the interpersonal traits (e. g., Leary, 1957). These findings suggest that people's conceptual representation of traits is more schematic and simpler than that of actual person perception.View full abstractDownload PDF (724K) -
SHIGEAKI AMANO1992 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 89-95
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMusically trained and untrained subjects rate the degree of “harmony” and “pleasantness” of melodic intervals in semitone steps or quarter-semitone steps over more than one octave. The ratings of musically trained subjects exhibit cyclic factors such as octaves and fifths, and a monotonic factor of pitch height. However, no other cyclic factors were found. Therefore, a multidimensional model of musical pitch was only partly supported. No microtonal structure smaller than a semitone was found, and the melodic-interval discriminability of musically trained subjects is estimated to be half a semitone. The ratings of musically untrained subjects showed only the effect of pitch height, suggesting that musical experience affects the perception of tonal structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
HARUO HIBINO1992 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 96-102
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe energy ratios of yellow to blue monochromatic lights at the yellow/blue equilibria (appearing neither yellowish nor bluish) were investigated for two color-normals along the horizontal meridian of the temporal retina at the fovea (0°), parafovea (3.3°), and near periphery (10°) of the left eye. The stimulus size was enlarged with retinal eccentricity according to the cortical magnification factor (M-scaling). It was found that the relative energy ratios at the yellow/blue equilibria were constant at the three retinal locations investigated. Thus, the yellow/blue equilibrium hue judgements are not affected by the preretinal filtering effect of macular pigment, which means that the yellow-blue (y-b) opponent-color system modifies its relative responses to compensate for the effect of macular pigment. On the other hand, the sensitivities of the achromatic system measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry, using similar yellow and blue monochromatic lights (570 and 470 nm, respectively), are affected by macular pigment. These results suggest the existence of the counterbalancing mechanism for color perception against macular pigment in they-bsystem.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
RIKA MIZUNO1992 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 103-109
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study compared cross-culturally Japanese and Japanese-American senior high school students to know the differences in their causal beliefs which were presupposed to underlie their mathematical achievement. The questionnaires asked three dimensional perceptions (locus of cause, stability, and controllability) of eight causes (ability, constant effort, temporary effort, teacher, friend's help, ease, luck, and mood), achievement expectation and evaluation expectation, and their linkages, on success and failure conditions separately. Subjects were 92 Japanese 11th graders and 61 Japanese-American 10th to 13th graders. The results indicated that the dimensional perceptions of some causes by Japanese students are close to those of effort and are not independent and that Japanese students tend to be pessimistic and self-blaming and show learned helplessness especially on failure condition although the stability-expectation and controllability-evaluation linkages were confirmed for both groups. The possibility was discussed that the implication of controllability for Japanese students should contain two aspects of self-efficacy.View full abstractDownload PDF (443K) -
MISAKO MIYAMOTO1992 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 110-116
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concept of achievement motive in Japanese children was examined in a follow-up to a study (Miyamoto, 1989) with college students, by rating the behavior characteristics of targets: Each child was asked to choose two close mates as targets; one was judged to be highly motivated to achieve and the other to be low motivated. The results were in line with those obtained with Japanese college students, i. e. Japanese highly achievement motivated child targets who were rated by their peers showed challenge seeking and at the same time demonstrate social attitudes such as social responsibility and cooperativeness. The data indicates that social attitudes as well as challenge seeking are important factors of the achievement motive of Japanese children.View full abstractDownload PDF (275K)
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