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Volume 36 (1994)
- Issue 4 Pages 201-
- Issue 3 Pages 113-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 36, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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MARIKO MIKUMO1994 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 53-64
Published: June 21, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was designed to investigate whether finger tapping (analogous to the piano playing) is an effective strategy for pitch encoding in the processing of melodies. Twelve female undergraduates highly trained in music were instructed to make recognition judgments of melodies following a retention interval (Inter Stimulus Interval). They were also instructed to memorize the melodies during the ISI by employing a tapping strategy. There was a blank interval in Experiment 1 and an interfering melody in Experiment 2. The findings from these experiments suggest that:(a) Tapping may be an effective strategy for pitch encoding of melodies, especially when there are interfering melodies.(b) During a longer ISI, if the subjects made an effort to repeat the tapping in order not to forget the standard series, then repeating the tapping many times could help the subjects elaborate on the encoding of melodies. Computer records of the tapping of each finger support these findings.View full abstractDownload PDF (897K) -
MASAYA FUJII, MASAKO UCHIDA, HIROSHI IMADA1994 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 65-73
Published: June 21, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo groups of rats were run to examine the effects of presence and absence of information about shock intensity upon the suppression of rats' licking behavior. Shocks of two different intensities were consistently preceded by signals of two different modalities. The modality of signal and the shock intensity were correlated for Group C (Correlated), but they were not for Group UC (Uncorrelated). Group C clearly evidenced shock intensity discrimination which was manifested in differential conditioned suppression. The baseline licking behavior of rats was suppressed more in Group UC than in Group C, indicating that there was more aversion to the situation in which information about shock intensity was not given than to the situation in which such information was given. The findings were discussed with reference to the results of a computer simulation based on the Rescorla-Wagner model (Rescorla & Wagner, 1972).View full abstractDownload PDF (668K) -
TETSUJI ITO1994 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 74-82
Published: June 21, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix female subjects formed fifteen pairs (6C2=15), and each dyad had a conversation in a laboratory. Assuming that speech, gaze, and nods were the main actions that expressed individual “rhythm” in face-to-face interaction, each subject's actions was analyzed on videotape. First, as a summary of individual “rhythm”, profiles of action tempo and pattern were described. Tempo and pattern differences (TD and PD, respectively) between the two of each pair were then computed. TD showed a linear relationship with some of the specific feelings the two had of each other and their experimental interaction, while PD had a curvilinear relationship with the general feelings toward the partner in non-experimental, daily interactions. It was also suggested that social skills highly affected the degree to which subjects coordinate their tempo to others'. The meaning of individual “rhythm” in face-to-face interaction was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K) -
SHIN MURAKOSHI1994 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 83-93
Published: June 21, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Experiment la, six examples for each of four map symbols, which were path, boulder, stream, and runnability. were chosen for comparison. Two of these examples were shown and the subjects (18 expert orienteers and 12 novices) were requested to choose the one which seemed to be wider or larger in size. The experts' choices were significantly correct for path and stream while novices chose correctly for path. Different usage of prior knowledge between experts and novices was observed. This result was confirmed in Experiment 1b, using 18 experts, 17 novices and 20 non-orienteers. In Experiment 2, 31 expert orienteers and 23 non-orienteers were requested to estimate the actual sizes of the objects depicted on the maps. The accuracy of estimation for experts was better than in Experiment lb while the accuracy of non-orienteers did not change. It is concluded that experts are better able to infer the features of the actual terrain from map symbols than novices or non-orienteers. However, some conditions made estimation easier even for the latter two. The nature of these inference rules and their roles in map-symbols comprehension are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
TATSUTO TAKEUCHI, SHINICHI KITA1994 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 94-107
Published: June 21, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effects of concurrent alphanumeric discrimination task requiring the spatial selective attention to various motion aftereffects (MAE). We found that the effects of attentional tasks on the MAEs depended on the type of MAE and on the size of the adapting stimulus. For the small adapting stimulus, the strength of the simple translation MAE was attenuated by the concurrent tasks, and the MAE in depth or rotation MAE were not. Using the large stimulus, however, the effects of attention were not observed in any of MAEs. These results suggest that the MAE was not always switched off by selective attention as suggested by Chaudhuri (1990). Our psychophysical results are consistent with the characteristics of neurons in the macaque MST reported in several physiological studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (972K)
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