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Volume 37 (1995)
- Issue 4 Pages 201-
- Issue 3 Pages 115-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 37, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Functional approachYURIKO OSHIMA-TAKANE1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 59-69
Published: June 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study examines the development of linguistic forms which children use to refer to others or themselves as possessor. Language data on 65 English-speaking children between 15 and 29 months of age were collected from two sources:(1) a 50-minute speech sample on audiotape, and (2) a parent interview on the spontaneous use of possessive forms in daily speech. The data indicate that children begin to express the relationship between possessor and possession with linguistic forms at about the same time as they begin to combine two words in utterances. To designate others as possessor, many children used only nominal forms (e. g., “Mommy's” or “Mommy's shoe”). Only children whose language development level was relatively high used pronominal forms (e. g., “Yours” or “Your shoe”). On the other hand, to designate themselves as possessor many children used both nominal forms (e. g., “Jacob's” or “Jacob shoe”) and pronominal forms (e. g. “Mine” or “My milk”) These results are discussed with regard to Deutsch and Budwig's claim that the nominal and the pronominal possessive forms in children's language different functions of possession.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
HARUHIKO OGASAWARA1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 70-79
Published: June 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that if the number of times an event occurs is Poisson distributed, the time until the event occurs a certain number of times is gamma distributed with a parameter λ. We have proposed a model (the gamma-gamma regression) in which the two parameters in the prior distribution of λ are structured with continuous covariates. The marginal maximum likelihood estimates for the hyperparameters in the prior distribution are given by numerical methods. The models are applied to two data sets and compared with the results of a lognormal regression model. The result indicates that the gamma-gamma regression model is comparable to the lognormal regression model.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Inhibition and facilitation in the intra-and interlingual categorizing tasksSATOKO IKEDA1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 80-90
Published: June 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe results of the previous study (Ikeda, 1993) showed that inhibition and facilitation from a Japanese distracting word were produced in vocal categorization of an English target word in Japanese. It was poined out that these results might have been caused by vocal response in Japanese in categorizing a target word. To solve this problem, the present study employed an intralingual categorizing task (Experiment 1. Subjects were 12 undergraduates.) and interlingual categorizing task (Experiment 2. Subjects were 12 undergraduates who did not participate in Experiment 1.) by means of keypress as response instead of vocal response. The result of Experiment 2 indicated that both inhibition and facilitation from a Japanese word were produced in categorizing an English word without vocal response in Japanese. These results suggested that the processing of Japanese was involved in semantic processing of English words, even when the subjects were not forced to respond vocally in Japanese.View full abstractDownload PDF (804K) -
Recalled areas and objectsMAKIKO NAKA1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 91-102
Published: June 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effect of retention intervals and environmental knowledge on memory for areas in natural environment: A campus of junior high school. In Experiment 1, areas for the school building, playground, and swimming pool were estimated from pencil sketches drawn by 158 alumni who had graduated from the school a month to 24 years before. The number of recalled objects in each area, the level of certainty, and subjects' everyday-after-school activities during their school days were also assessed. Subjects who had participated in outdoor sports during their school days (outdoor subjects) were assumed to have better knowledge on the playground than those who had not (indoor subjects). The main findings were that not only retention intervals but also the campus knowledge affected recalled area of the playground. Moreover, positive correlation was found between areas and the number of recalled objects, suggesting that memory for an area was reconstructed in relation to the number of objects recalled in the area, Experiment 2 showed that recalling objects within an area increased estimation of the area. The constructionist view of spatial memory was supported. Memory transformation associated with areas was also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
TOMOE TAMADA1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 103-109
Published: June 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated effects of delayed visual feedback on handwriting some familiar English words, using various delays -0. 33. 67, 100, 133, 167, 267, and 500 ms. With increasing the delay, the writing error rate increased. Among the writing errors, there was a tendency for some additional strokes to be inserted, especially for some original strokes to be duplicated. This type of error named “addition error” was observed frequently where a set of strokes should be repeated (e.g. the word “feeling” was often misspelled as “feeeling”). These results indicate that visual monitoring is indispensable in producing repetition of a set of strokes.View full abstractDownload PDF (547K)
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