Japanese Psychological Research
Online ISSN : 1468-5884
Print ISSN : 0021-5368
Volume 5, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • SHINKURO IWAHARA, NORIKO TANABE
    1963 Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 147-152
    Published: 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this experiment was to test whether verbal learning is a function of manifest anxiety as well as verbal reinforcement combinations. Highand low-anxious groups were each divided into 3 subgroups, depending upon whether they were given both positive (“Right”) and negative (“Wrong”) reinforcements (RW), or only one of the two reinforcements (NW and RN). Only the interaction between the two variables was found to be significant, indicating that RN lead to faster learning in the high-anxious Ss than RW and NM, while the trend was opposite in the low-anxious Ss. The results were interpreted in terms of an inhibitory effect of the stressful motivation of verbal punishment (W) on learning in the high-anxious Ss.
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  • TAKEHIRO UENO
    1963 Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 153-160
    Published: 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From the point of view of measurement models, size constancy of a single object was investigated by using three-dimensional familiar and unfamiliar objects. Two measurement models were applied to a stimulus series. One measurement model referred to perceived size and another assumed size. Presentation distance of the stimuli ranged from 1m to 5m apart from the O. The results are:(a) Constancy of assumed size was higher than that of perceived size.(b) Both assumed size and perceived size showed slightly a tendency to increase with increasing distance. The concept of size was discussed with the two measurement models.
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  • YASUKO ITO, GIYOO HATANO
    1963 Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 161-170
    Published: 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Number Ability Test, consisted of 6 items, was administered to 174 4- and 5-year-old children. The results showed the items were scalable (Green's I=.62), the most difficult being the item of conservation. 27 5-year-old children, who answered correctly except number conservation (NC), were selected as Ss and were divided into 3 groups. The following programs for an experimental education were applied one for each group: Repeated confirmation of invariance of a set by counting: Inference based on the change of the quantity by addition or subtraction: Inference based on the comprehension of number relations. The proportion of correct respondents to NC Test items markedly increased. The first program seemed the most effective.
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  • TAKAAKI KOYAZU
    1963 Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 171-182
    Published: 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The nature of the trace of apparent movement was investigated by making use of the phenomenon of neutralization concerning propagation of retinal induction discovered by Motokawa. Experiments were conducted in the right visual field as well as in the binocular field composed of the independent monocular ones, that is to say, under the two conditions; when apparent movement was caused monocularly, and when binocularly. Findings are as follows. The indirect induction does not traverse the trace of apparent movement resulted by the successive presentation of white luminous rectangles, no matter whether monocularly or binocularly they may be viewed. Moreover the trace of apparent movement has the reflecting effect upon the propagating induction.
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  • SEISOH SUKEMUNE
    1963 Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 183-187
    Published: 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    32 rats were given runway training. Total amount of reinforcement (Rt) for 5 days and total number of reinforced trials (Nr= 10) were kept constant while the total acquisition trials (Nt) were varied from 10 to 20. 3 extinction days followed. There are significant differences among groups for extinction but not for acquisition as to reciprocals of running time and total running time except reciprocal latency. A tentative conclusion is, the more Nt, the slower the extinction. But it may be better to conclude that acquisition and extinction performances depend on Rf % with changed. Nt under the equated Rt and Nr.
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  • XXXI. METHODOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SIZE CONSTANCY
    YOSHIHARU AKISHIGE, TERUHIKO KURODA
    1963 Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 188-202
    Published: 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It was found that the relationships between apparent size and physical distance are expressed by General Functions I, II, III, IV, and those between apparent distance and physical distance by a power function. General functions which describe the relationships between apparent size and apparent distance and visual angle, etc. of an object were derived from much available data. These functions were verified with a set of experiments using the method of ratio estimation. The ‘size-distance invariance hypothesis’, so called by Kilpatrick and Ittelson, is a special case of these general functions. It was found that the validity of ‘Rump's function’ is dependent on the experimental conditions. The equation of transformation was found between the data obtained by the method of ratio (magnitude) estimation and the method of transposition.
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