Japanese Psychological Research

A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPERVISORY PATTERNS IN A JAPANESE HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION

JYUJI MISUMI, TOSHIAKI TASAKI

1965 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 151-162
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.7.151

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This study was designed to investigate what types of leader behaviors were effective in group productivity and morale. With the goal achievement (P) and the process maintenance (M) functional dimension used as the bases, the supervisory behavior of the first-line and the second-line supervisors were operationally divided into four patterns: namely, P, M, PM and pm which is determined by the intensity of two functions. The questionnaire was administered to the 500 coal getters. The supervisory patterns common to the high-producing groups were found to be PM and M patterns. The patterns P and pm were found to be common to the low-producing groups. The morale of the workers in the high producing groups was relatively higher than that of those in the low-producing groups.

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THE GENERALIZED METHOD FOR PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF SCALE ANALYSIS

SUKEYORI SHIBA

1965 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 163-165
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.7.163

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The mathematical structure of the method for obtaining weights and scores which maximize correlation between them for a given response matrix is shown. The method is called “the generalized” in the sense that it is applicable to the more generalized response matrix in which each individual expresses his ability or attitude freely by assigning any positive integer to each category. Relation between the generalized method and Guttman's is discussed.

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IMPLICIT REINFORCEMENT IN CLASSROOM AS A FUNCTION OF GRADE AND SOCIOMETRIC STATUS

TAKESHI SUGIMURA

1965 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 166-170
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.7.166

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The 4th- and 6th-graders consisting of 4 classrooms respectively were given digit symbol tasks for 2 successive days. At the start of the 2nd day, 5 high sociometric-status (HS) children in each of 2 classrooms were either praised or reproved for their performances and 5 low-sociometric-status (LS) children in the other two were praised or reproved. The remaining Ss were assumed to be implicitly reinforced by observing the classmates who were explicitly reinforced. Ss implicitly reinforced by reproved HS classmates performed better than those by praised HS classmates, while no significant difference was found in case of LS classmates. The difference in the 6th-graders by HS classmates was found to be significant because of the triple interaction.

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EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONAL DISTURBANCES OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM ON THE MEMORY CONSOLIDATION

TOSHITSUGU HIRANO

1965 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 171-182
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.7.171

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To see the effects of functional disturbances of the limbic system on memory consolidation, several experiments were performed in rats. In part 1, the limbic seizure was produced by hippocampal electrical stimulation 1 min after a training trial, and the results were compared to Ss with ECS. In part 2, KCl or Ca was injected into reticular formation or hippocampus. The result indicated that the functional disturbances of the hippocampal area had a similar effect as ECS in a passive avoidance. When daily treatments were continued, Ss with ECS showed severe retardation in maze learning. Ss receiving injections in the reticular formation showed more retardation in both maze learning and active avoidance in comparison with Ss receiving hippocampal injection.

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HIGHER ORDER AND GENERALIZED RETENTION CURVES FOR MASTERING THE TECHNIQUE OF SIMPLE PIANO PASSAGES

ULARA KUNO

1965 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 183-188
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.7.183

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Two kinds of retention curves other than the ordinal retention curves are proposed. They are the “higher order retention curve”, a kind of retention curve following several repetitions of complete learnings at definite time intervals, and the “generalized retention curve”, a kind of curve which traces the plots of retention ratios against the time since the first learning, having the same number of repetitions of complete learnings at definite time intervals. The properties of these retention curves are investigated and the interrelations among these curves are discussed on the basis of four experiments in playing piano passages.

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DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM SOLVING BY COMPUTER

BENJAMIN KLEINMUNTZ

1965 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 189-194
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.7.189

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The elements of a theory of diagnostic problem solving were presented in this paper. Specifically the focus was on the diagnostic processes of clinical neurologists, but the implications for clinical judgments in general were discussed.

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Errata

1965 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 196
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.7.4_196

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