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Volume 9 (1967)
- Issue 4 Pages 155-
- Issue 3 Pages 95-
- Issue 2 Pages 49-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 9, Issue 3
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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CHIZUKO IZAWA1967 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 95-110
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree paired-associate learning (PAL) experiments were conducted with Japanese learning materials and Japanese Ss. Backward associations were tested at various stages of a-b learning. With noun-pairs, backward associations were superior to forward early in learning, but in later stages they were 85%-92% as strong as forward associations. With nonsense syllable-and familiarized nonsense syllable-pairs, backward associations, always significantly inferior to forward, reached the maximum when two-thirds of the a-b list was learned, and later approached an asymptote approximately 50% as strong as forward associations. Facilitating effects of familiarization on backward associations were limited to early stages of learning. A given directionality of training seems to be one of the determinants of PAL. Availability of terms may not sufficiently explain the whole process of associative learning. Asymmetry may be the general rule, and symmetry may be its special case.View full abstractDownload PDF (1178K) -
TSUNEO YAMASHITA1967 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 111-118
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to clarify the relationship between selective memory and personality variables especially related to self-concept. The direction of selective memory was measured by the ratio of the amount of recall of the self-consistent verbal stimuli to that of self-inconsistent stimuli in paired associate learning. This ratio was assumed to be a dependent variable in the present study. Independent variables which were related to personality variables were (1) Self-Ideal Discrepancy;(2) Self-Esteem;(3) Time Orientation;(4) MMPI, and so on. These variables were measured respectively for sixty undergraduate students. Obtained data were analyzed by the multiple regression model. The degree of predictability and the contribution of each personality variables to the dependent variable were computed.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
IMPROVEMENT IN STAMPING ACCURACY BY INTRODUCING A REDUNDANT MOTION ELEMENT IN A SIMPLE STAMPING WORKJUNJI KOMAKI, SADATSUGU TAKEUCHI1967 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 119-127
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix groups of 10 Ss performed a stamping work for 45 min. Half of the groups worked under paced condition and the others under unpaced condition. Control groups conducted the work in the simplest way. Their stamping motion was composed of the minimum elements necessary for achieving the stamping. Ss of the other 4 groups were forced to work in more complex ways. An unnecessary motion element (redundant pressing of a stamp on a stamp pad) was introduced into their motion patterns. Stamping accuracy proved to be significantly higher in some of these groups than in control groups. And, it was shown that the redundant element served as a condition to produce a highly skilled way of stamping.View full abstractDownload PDF (2717K) -
SHINKURO IWAHARA, NEIICHI NAGAMURA, TSUNEO IWASAKI1967 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 128-134
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS4 groups of rats were trained to run for food in the straight runway. The groups were differentiated in terms of reinforcement schedule (50% vs. 100% reward) and drug condition (saline vs. 20 mg/kg of CDP). After 64 acquisition trials, the rats in Section I were given 32 extinction trials, half of each group being injected with CDP and half with saline. The rats in Section II were run similarly but with additional 32 extinction trials during which the drug state was changed twice.
A clear-cut drug-learning dissociation effect was found during extinction as well as from acquisition to extinction. CDP retarded extinction ratio after 100% reward when the drug condition was unchanged from acquisition to extinction. However, the partial-reinforcement effect (PRE) in extinction was not affected by CDP although the PRE in acquisition was inhibited by the same drug.View full abstractDownload PDF (485K) -
CHIZU KANO1967 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 135-151
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDie phänomenale Bewegungsverteilung und Richtung der Bewegung zwischen Lichtpunkten und dem Körper wurden untersucht. Ein Beobachter sitzt im Dunkelraum auf einem Drehstuhl, vor ihm ist in 150cm Abstand ein Lichtpunkt angebracht. Der Drehstuhl oder der Lichtpunkt, oder beide werden elektrisch um eine gemeinsame Drehachse mit der Geschwindigkeit von 20′/Sekunde gedreht. 4 bis 5 Vpn dienen in 4 Versuchen.
Die Ergebnisse sind folgende: Der Lichtpunkt erscheint ausgeprägter bewegt als der Körper, und die Erscheinung der Bewegung des Lichtpunktes ist stärker, wenn ein ruhender Lichtpunkt mit dem beweglichen dargeboten wird. In dem Fall erscheint der fixierte der zwei Lichtpunkte sehr ausgeprägt bewegt. Wenn der eine in 150 cm und der andere in 100 cm Abstand angebracht wird, erscheint der nähere, besonders mit dem Körper bewegt. Die Richtung der Bewegung stimmt nicht immer mit der objektiven räumlichen Verschiebung überein, aber die der Punktbewegung stimmt ziemlich gut überein, besonders wenn der ruhende Punkt dargeboten wird.View full abstractDownload PDF (1127K)
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