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Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1990
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Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Jiro HAMADA
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
1-10
Published: September 30, 1990
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The negative time order effect (TOE) was investigated in a weight-lifting experiment. After two stimuli were presented in succession, subjects judged the weights of the stimuli by means of the methods of relative and absolute judgments. As a control experiment, the weights of single stimuli were also judged. The results may be summarized as follows. (1) Amount of negative TOE measured by the absolute judgment was consistent with that obtained bythe relative one. (2) The result of the negative TOE obtained under the absolute judgment was that the first and the second stimuli were respectively lighter and heavier than the single stimulus. Sinking-trace theory and adaptation-level theory could not explain the results. In order to explain the negative TOE, we introduced the concept of "disinhibition". The concept explained the negative TOE as follows. When the first stimulus was raised, excitation and inhibition were induced. The weight sensation corresponded to the peak of the excitation. After the stimulus was lowered, the inhibition gradually reduced the weight sensation of the first stimulus in the course of time. Lifting the second stimulus caused disinhibition of neural activity with respect to the first stimulus. Next a summation between the excitation resulted from the disinhibition and the excitation for the second stimulus occurred. Thus, the first stimulus was judged lighter, and the second one heavier than the single stimulus.
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Hikaru SHIGENOI
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
11-18
Published: September 30, 1990
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Two experiments were conducted to study the stereopsis in negative-contrast stereograms. In Experiment 1 five positive-contrast (P-STG) and negative-contrast stereograms (N-STG) were presented to three subjects, each of which was composed of a pair of crossed disparity squares and a pair of uncrossed disparity squares. Reaction times to detect the depth was more than 500ms longer in N-STGs. In experiment 2 different P- and N-STGs were presented in short as well as in long durations and subjects were asked to report the depth of the target against the base stimulus within the stereogram. When stimulus duration was 1000ms during which vergence change was allowed to occur, subjects could successfully detect the target depth at almost all times. However, when the exposure duration was 100ms, they could discriminate the depth of P-STG target but not that of the N-STG stimulus. These results suggest that the depth perception in N-STGs mainly depended on vergence movements.
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Jiei OGASAWARA
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
19-25
Published: September 30, 1990
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In the previous report, exaggeration of size constancy was revealed with high diopter lenses after cataract surgery. The current report is concerning effects of various experimental parameters on, and long-term changes of size constancy after the surgery. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) The level of "hyper" constancy had fallen modestly but significantly. That is, there was slow adaptation of perception to the new scene through the glasses. (2) The constancy level rose when the distance cues were enriched, and fell when they were impoverished. (3) All the results obtained under various conditions unanimously revealed "hyper", or more-than-perfect constancy. This "hyper" constancy may be a consequence of depth compression caused by magnification of visual images.
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Haruo HIBINO
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
27-49
Published: September 30, 1990
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Psychophysical and physiological studies during the last thirty years or so provided enough evidence for the zone theory to be accepted as the general framework for human color vision. Although this theory says that the initial trichromatic signals (i.e., the responses of three classes of cones) are transformed to the color-opponent signals, many problems still remain to be solved. Current knowledge about the mechanisms of color vision has important implications for further research. In this article, I discuss mainly psychophysical and physiological issues regarding the mechanisms of color vision within the framework of the zone theory.
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Machiko SANNOMIYA
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
51-53
Published: September 30, 1990
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The present study examined three factors in communication which may make us irritated when we send verbal information. Those are sending unit of information, frequency of the receiver's misrecognition of information, and waiting time before getting tne receiver's response. These factors were manipulated in a simulated voice recognition system. Main results were as follows: 1) The above three factors influence the feeling of irritation during information-sending tasks. 2) Information-sending tasks even with the smallest unit such as monosyllable do not cause the feeling of irritation when misrecognition rarely occurs (5%- or 0%-frequency per unit) and waiting time is very short (0.025sec per unit). 3) Frequency of misrecognition and waiting time can not compensate each other to reduce the feeling of irritation during information-sending. Further studies are necessary in order to see if there is a common mechanism to cause irritation of information-senders whether their receiver is a real person or not.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
54-
Published: September 30, 1990
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
56-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
56-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
56-57
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
57-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
57-58
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
59-
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
59-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
60-
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
60-
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1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
60-
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
60-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
60-61
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
62-63
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
64-65
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
1990 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
65-
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