巻号一覧
43 巻 (2013)
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43 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1～10を表示しています
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特集
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高田 毅士原稿種別: 特集 『災害リスクマネジメントの理論と実践』
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 172-177
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証ありThe Great East Japan Earthquake is discussed herein from the viewpoint of risk concept. This event is a typical low-frequent and huge-consequence disaster. The consequence is significantly large, including approximately 20 thousand tsunami victims and the serious accident of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, both of which can be studied effectively and should be treated appropriately on the basis of risk concept. This monograph introduces that international standards have been recently developed to promote the use of risk-based approach and to standardize the concept and procedures. In addition, it is demonstrated that although the risk concept is quite effective for more rational decision-making processes in any cases, the recent disaster reveals that the conventional risk concept needs extension into spatial as well as temporal domains and unique concept "Safety Burst" is proposed to represent the serious state due to low-frequent and huge-consequence events for modern engineering systems which are much more complex, multi-functional and inter-dependent than before.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (766K) -
糸井 達哉原稿種別: 特集 『災害リスクマネジメントの理論と実践』
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 178-184
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証ありThere has been broad debate on importance of risk concept in response to Tohoku Earthquake and the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011. In this paper, risk concept is summarized and rearranged. Firstly, the definition of risk is briefly introduced, emphasizing on the distinction between "aleatory" uncertainty and "epistemic" uncertainty. Then, the characteristics and analysis methodology of natural disasters are summarized, with a focus on earthquake disaster. Finally, new concept "resilience" is introduced, which can enhance the risk concept much further.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (711K) -
佐藤 一郎原稿種別: 特集 『災害リスクマネジメントの理論と実践』
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 185-191
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証ありMore than two years have passed since 2011 Tohoku earthquake and Tsunami. Natural disaster risk remains one of the top concerns of business leaders, since economic system becomes increasingly globalized and complicated. In this paper as a beginning, an overview of natural disaster is introduced with historical trend analysis, and then upward trend of economic loss due to natural hazards is revealed. In addition to this, general information of mechanism of natural disaster is presented. Finally it is pointed out that it is necessary not to aim to zero-risk but to measure and manage risk appetite from the standpoint of Enterprise Risk Management-ERM. Specifically, since business continuity activities of entities will only work if no employee suffers physical damage, it is highly recommended that anti-disaster measures such as seismic reinforcement is implemented. Besides, it is suggested that partnership within the industry is absolutely necessary for business continuity against catastrophic disaster such as 2011 Tohoku earthquake.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4580K) -
村上 治原稿種別: 特集 『災害リスクマネジメントの理論と実践』
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 192-197
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証ありBusiness Continuity Management (BCM) is formed by global concept. Any kind of disaster as the cause of the incident, BCM is a type of activity results management. Its purpose is to enhance the resilience, it is important to normal time activities. It's important normal time activities in BCM. Company's current situation in Japan is that the concept of BCM is not yet known. Business continuity activities of many companies has not reached the BCM, it is confined to create a BCP for it. It is necessary for the future, including the spread of the certification system BCMS, spread the correct knowledge and concepts of BCM.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (914K) -
近藤 元博原稿種別: 特集 『災害リスクマネジメントの理論と実践』
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 198-205
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証ありThe Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 had a serious damage on the Japanese industry. Automakers were forced to make deep cuts in production not only in the regions that were directly affected but also global production via the disruption of supply chains. Our global production also reduced significantly and gave undue inconvenience to large number of the customers. Based on our experience of this disaster, we attempt to establish a business continuity management system in the "Toyota-way" (named as "Toyota-way BCM"), which enable to accomplish a risk reduction of the supply-chain without losing the productivity and business-efficiency. Although our efforts have just begun, our concept and principles of "Toyota-way BCM" and our attempts to develop new management systems are introduced. And an advantage of the "Toyota Production system (TPS)" in the recovery from a disaster is also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8825K) -
鱒沢 曜原稿種別: 特集 『災害リスクマネジメントの理論と実践』
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 206-211
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証ありAn aseismic reinforcement of existing medical facilities such as an important hospital that building function and emergency medical services would be needed in a large earthquake is themes in this paper. First, the damage situation of hospitals in the Great East Japan Earthquake, the typical damage events of buildings and a characteristic of damage examples in medical facilities were shown as a characteristic of material damages by earthquakes. Then, the progress situation of the aseismic reinforcement for existing medical facilities were shown, and necessity of further promotion of the reinforcement for the building structure and importance of grasping the progress of the earthquake proofing for nonstructural components and medical equipment in detail were emphasized. Next, some essential points for the seismic retrofitting of the building structure, nonstructural components and medical equipment were highlighted to perform effective aseismic reinforcement for existing medical facilities. Finally, the seismic isolation retrofit, as the most effective method for seismically upgrading of existing medical facilities that need to ensure not only the safety of buildings but also the operability of medical treatment, was introduced.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (11698K)
連載
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大須賀 竜治原稿種別: 連載 『ISO 26262 -自動車業界における機能安全に対する取り組み-』
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 212-217
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証ありWhen development of ISO 26262 began in WG16 after 2005, Japanese automotive industry began the examination of ISO 26262 issues. The OEM was strongly interested in the hazard analysis and risk assessment. JAMA carried out a study of the Severity, Exposure and Controllability in cooperation with JARI. JARI performed a variety of the vehicle experiment tests for controllability. JARI and JAMA accumulated many data. In addition, JAMA and JARI examined the issues of the application on ISO 26262. However, these examine need many opinion and knowledge from suppliers. Therefore, JARI set up the ISO 26262 steering committee in JARI and pushed forward activity of the common understanding. ISO 26262 does not require the third party certification. However, many companies have the demand to perform in cooperation with a third party for explanation of having confirmed ISO 26262 conformity. The active safety techniques are unavoidable in the future, these are achieved by electronic control and more and more complex. ISO 26262 is important for ASIL as safety, and quality management is carried out properly in the company. Automotive is going to introduce automatic driving in the future, therefore ISO 26262 becomes important and fundamental.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (943K) -
水流 聡子, 加藤 省吾原稿種別: 連載 『医療・福祉機関における質・安全保証に関する取り組み』
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 218-221
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証ありIn this issue, activities for quality and safety management in Yodakubo Welfare Organization are presented through an interview by the members of the editorial board. We interviewed Mr. Yutaka Muraoka (Managing Director) and Mrs. Misato Hoshina (Assistant Manager of General Affairs). Yodakubo Welfare Organization is a social welfare corporation, which was instituted in 1996 jointly by three municipalities : Nagato, Wada, and Takeshi, in Nagano Prefecture. It has a dedicated special elderly nursing home known as "Tomoshibi" in 1997, and is now operating some of the special elderly nursing homes, day-care facilities andgroup homes. Generally, problems related to the provision of services in welfare facilities tend to be staff-centered. Yodakubo Welfare Organization has been promoting activities for quality and safety management to achieve the "end-user centric" services. Interview contents include (1) history of Yodakubo Welfare Organization, (2) characteristics and problems of welfare services, (3) history and organizational efforts forquality assurance and management, (4) difficulties and ways to overcome them, and (5) future aspirations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (14913K)
論文誌編
技術ノート
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梶原 誠, 中條 武志原稿種別: 技術ノート
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 241-250
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証あり近年では, 1つの製品開発の設計を複数の企業・部門で分担することも多く,また,開発する製品の種類・数も多岐にわたっている.そのため,開発に携わる企業・部門のDR (Design Review)の質を全体的にレベルアップすることが重要となっており,このための有効な方法として, DRの成熟度評価が着目されている.本論文では,ハードウェア製品に焦点を絞った上で, DRを「過去の経験を用いて設計誤りを効果的・効率的に見つけるための活動」として位置づけてモデル化し,このモデルに基づいてDRの成熟度評価を行うための具体的な方法を提案した.また,この評価方法を様々な製造企業で行われている基本設計・詳細設計のDRに適用した.結果として,知識・経験があり,示されている段階尺度の意味が分かる人であれば,大きな工数をかけることなく,現行のDRの質を評価でき, DRにおける設計誤りの見逃しを低減するために改善すべき領域を明確にすることができることがわかった.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1142K) -
高橋 武則, 河村 敏彦原稿種別: 技術ノート
2013 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 251-259
発行日: 2013/04/15
公開日: 2017/08/30
ジャーナル 認証あり田口は誤差因子に対してシステムがロバストになるように制御因子を設計することによって,出力特性のばらつきを低減させる方法としてロバストパラメータ設計を提案した.これまで線型システムに対する動特性のパラメータ設計の理論および応用研究は数多くなされてきた.本論文では,非線型システムに対する田口の標準SN比解析と応答関数モデリングを統合した新たな統計的方法論を提案する.形式的信号因子を用いた統合型モデリングアプローチは理想機能の関数関係が未知の場合においても有効である.さらに実データを用いて,これら方法論の有効性を検証する.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (941K)
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