品質
Online ISSN : 2432-1044
Print ISSN : 0386-8230
44 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1~14を表示しています
特集
  • 真壁 肇
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 5-11
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    This paper looks back on quality control activities in Japan and discusses issues related to reliability assurance. The concept of statistical quality control (SQC) was introduced into Japan in the late 1940's with the aim of reviving Japanese production, which had been destroyed during the Second World War. Later, in the 1960's, Japan developed a new quality control concept : total quality control (TQC). It has aimed at helping Japan challenge the issues posed by trade liberalization, and in the middle of 1960's, quality assurance systems based on TQC were constructed that helped manufacturers assure the quality for customers and society. After explaining in some detail the history of quality control in Japan, this paper looks at issues related to reliability assurance and proposes an approach to meeting the growing requirements for assuring the safety of complex industrial products and systems.
  • 杉山 哲朗
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 12-18
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    The Process capability study in Japan originated with DENSO Corporation when they awarded Deming Prize in 1961. Because they introduced and developed it companywide, they got significant improvement in both quality and cost. Process capability study is an activity to analyze causal relation between quality characteristic and 4M(Man, Machine, Material, Method) by comparing and investigating data in manufacturing processes with time series change and stratification. And, it is an activity to contribute to quality assurance and preventive maintenance by reflecting the results in standardization and process control in manufacturing processes. Moreover, process capability index, which is an evaluation standard of process capability, was developed in order to efficiently promote process capability study, since the use of SQC and instrumentation technology was indispensable. In this paper, I will explain the progress of how process capability study activities have significantly contributed to improving product quality in the automotive industry.
  • 久保田 洋志
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 19-24
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    TPM is an effective management technology which has been implemented in domestic and foreign many companies and/or plants in order to get remarkable effects. TPM (Total Production Management) as a more company-wide management innovation has been evolved from the Japanese style Total Productive Maintenance which the origin is Preventive Maintenance, the American style maintenance technology. This article shows key activities and roles of pioneers and organizations such as JIPM and the TPM Excellent Award Committee which have contributed enormously to the evolution and/or development processes of the TPM, and then clarifies core concepts and backgrounds for basic ways of thinking such as definitions on TPM, organizational deployment such as step approach and overlap small group activity, and methodology and techniques such as PM analysis and approach to minor stoppage loss. Further the future subjects and prospects are mentioned for realizing the more effective TPM which could adapt proactively the changing environment.
  • 中條 武志
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 25-29
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    When we investigate troubles or accidents that occurred in various fields, it is found that most of them are caused by human beings. Error Proof is a technology essential for preventing troubles or accidents due to human error. Although it was originally called "Fool Proof" and mainly a concern of equipment designers, it became used as countermeasures against defectives like missing parts or wrong parts, and has been developed as a technology that can be widely used to improve work operations. In this article, the history of error proof and researches on its application is reviewed, and the current status of the technology is identified.
  • 金子 寿男
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 30-33
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    The use of QC stories by QC Circles as a means of implementing improvement activities on the shop floor has resulted in substantial achievements. However, the sales, service, and administration (SSA) sector's QC Circles involve a comparatively large number of new business practices of which there is no accumulated experience in the field of QC, so it was rather difficult for QC Circles in this sector to apply conventional QC stories in considering such business practices in advance and getting these activities on track properly. Having many QC Circles in the SSA sector, the Keihin (Tokyo and Yokohama) Region of the Kanto Branch of the QC Circle Headquarters has developed the Task Achieving QC Story in order to resolve such difficulties in that sector.
  • 神田 範明
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 34-37
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    The Marketing Group in TRG (TQC Research Group) of the Union of Japanese scientists and engineers (JUSE) proposed "The Seven Tools for Product Planning (7PP)" in 1994. It was the most systematic approach for product planning. We revised the 7PP in 2000 and 2013. The latest version "The Neo 7PP" is made with a viewpoint to create many excellent hypotheses at the first step of product planning. The 7PP (revised in 2000) consists of the following methods. 1. Interview Survey 2. Questionnaire Survey 3. Positioning Analysis 4. Conceptualization Method 5. Idea Screening Method 6. Conjoint Analysis 7. Quality Table The Neo 7PP (revised in 2013) consists of the following methods. 1. Hypotheses Finding Survey 2. Conceptualization Method 3. Interview Survey 4. Questionnaire Survey 5. Positioning Analysis 6. Conjoint Analysis 7. Quality Table
  • 米虫 節夫
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 38-43
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    The origins of the "Food Hygiene 7S" was described. Food Hygiene 7S was developed by Food Safety Network organized by Dr. Komemushi, and is used frequently in Food Industry. The goals of the Food Hygiene 7S are obtaining and maintaining cleanliness of microbial level on food industry, and it is composed by seiri (Sorting out), seiton (Systematic arrangement), seisou (Sweep), senjyou (Scrub), sakkin (Sanitation), shituke (Self-discipline), and seiketu (Cleanliness). The cleanliness on Food Hygiene 7S is given when 5 means (that is sorting out, systematic arrangement, sweep, scrub and sanitation) as operation by procedure are worked well by self-discipline (making motivation). Then Food Hygiene 7S is basic activities of food safety management system (HACCP, ISO22000, FSSC 22000).
  • 司馬 正次
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 44-48
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    The author introduced Societal Quality Promotion Programs in Hungary, USA and India. Based on his experience, three elements that are necessary for successful introduction have been identified. First is readiness of recipient country for introduction. Three types of readiness are crucial (1) Strong need of society and a sense of urgency amongst leaders (2) Existence of two types of people- connector and salesman-described in "Tipping Point". (3) Favorable and positive image of outsider who will introduce the new ideas and methods. Second is mindset change/unlearning of the outsider, who plays a key role in introduction. Two types of mindset change are necessary (1) unlearn past experiences (2) not teach but create an innovative learning environment. In summary, transformation starts from own mindset change and ends with own mindset change. Third crucial element is wisdom of recipient country to utilize the outsider's strength. Outsider is usually in an already unlearnt condition, so he can see a fresh breakthrough view. In addition, if he has a noble mindset, he will be considered a neutral person by stakeholders, giving him the power to overcome internal conflicts.
  • 高橋 武則
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 49-57
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Education by Simulated Experience (ESE) is very effective to nourish the ability to solve problems and achieve challenges. ESE programs developed by Takahashi such as Pendulum manufacturing, Golf putting, Table golf putting, Coin shooting, Paper glider and Twin-rotor paper helicopter are introduced and discussed in this paper. Each should be used separately based on the purpose of education. Paper helicopters are often used for teaching Statistical Quality Control (SQC) or robust parameter design recently. Those paper helicopters have a single rotor. The paper helicopter with twin rotors is developed by Takahashi. It has the design factor of 20 and more. ESE by using twin-rotor paper helicopter is very easy to do for every person. Even beginners can enjoy this program. However, it is enough to educate the essential points of SQC within not so long time.
  • 長田 洋
    原稿種別: 特集 『品質管理事始め(ルーツを探る)第3報』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 58-64
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Strategic Management by Policy (SMBP) that aimed at the integration of strategic planning of business and policy management was developed in the latter half of the 1990's. Seven methods as environmental analysis, product analysis, and marketing analysis etc needed for making reasonable and logical plan of the business strategy were developed in SMBP which are called S7 (Strategic Seven Tools). The strategy factor analysis in S7 is an original and most important method to progress business strategy to policy management. SMBP has been widely utilized to domestic and foreign academic societies and the industrial world now. A further research and development of SMBP like the research of the business model and the business system is expected.
連載
  • 金子 雅明
    原稿種別: 連載 『変化の時代を生き残る中小・中堅企業の得意技を探る』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 65-69
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    In this serial, the customer value provision management of Yuki Precision co, Ltd. in this age of change is presented through the interviews with Mr. Masato OTSUBO who is the executive managing director. Yuki Precision is established in 1950 that is celebrating its 60^<th> year in 2010, and provides machined parts on to aircraft makers, medical device makers, automobile parts makers and so on. First of all, the history and the profile are explained. Then, the business environment surrounding Yuki Precision in the aircraft field that is one of its own core markets is described. And finally, the specialty skills to survive this age of change are presented.
  • 加藤 雄一郎
    原稿種別: 連載 『事業の高付加価値化に向けた新たな思考技術の確立と組織マネジメントの在り方』
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 71-76
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Now, price competition has become a serious problem in a variety of industries. In order to get rid of this situation, it is necessary for companies to create new compelling and unique values continuously. However, the successful experience of the catch-up style in the 80s, seems to make companies difficult to create new compelling and unique values. This paper as the first of the series, tries to clarify the current situation and challenges about the development of new products and services, using survey on actual situation of organizations. The differentiation strategy in the future should aim not to "differentiation of the product specifications". The most important thing is "differentiation of value dimension". This idea requests a new methodology to TQM. TQM has greatly improved and enhanced "the ability to understand current situations" and "the ability to pursue causes". However, in order to create new value dimensions, only these two abilities are not sufficient. So, this paper considers the following two points. One is, what values we have to change in order to create new value dimension. And theother is, what ability we should enhance in the future.
論文誌編
技術ノート
  • 松浦 峻
    原稿種別: 技術ノート
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 123-134
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    パラメータ設計において,通常の直積実験よりも実験回数を削減するための有力なアプローチとして調合誤差因子実験がしばしば用いられる.ただし,実験回数を減らすことで,内側直交表の各制御因子の水準組合せごとの応答平均と応答分散の推定精度が低下し,制御因子の真の最適水準組合せとは異なるものを選んでしまう場合があると考えられる.本論文では,実験誤差を含めた応答モデルを仮定し,通常の直積実験と調合誤差因子実験における内側直交表の各制御因子の水準組合せごとの応答平均と応答分散の推定精度を比較する.取り上げている誤差因子の主効果と制御因子との交互作用効果においてある関係式が成立するという条件のもと,調合誤差因子実験における応答分散の推定量が通常の直積実験における応答分散の推定量と同様の良い精度を持つことを示す.さらに数値シミュレーションを用いて,その条件が成立するとき,またはその条件から大きく外れないとき,調合誤差因子実験は通常の直積実験に劣らない精度を保ち,一方,その条件から大きく外れるとき,調合誤差因子実験の推定精度が通常の直積実験と比較して大きく悪化する場合があることを示す.
クオリティレポート
  • 八尾坂 修平, 中條 武志
    原稿種別: クオリティレポート
    2014 年 44 巻 1 号 p. 135-145
    発行日: 2014/01/15
    公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    運輸業,特に道路運輸業では,業務が乗客や道路状況などの外的要因の影響を受けやすく,エラープルーフ化の考え方・方法が浸透してこなかった.結果として個人の注意力に頼る対策になりやすく,エラーに起因する事故の防止に十分な成果をあげることができていない場合が多い.本研究では,バス事業者における運行にかかわるエラーおよびそれらに対して行われているエラープルーフ化の事例を調査して一般化することにより,バス事業に携わっている人が,事故やヒヤリハットの情報,さらにはリスクアセスメントの結果から,起こりうるエラーに対するエラープルーフ化の対策を容易に考案できる方法を開発した.結果として,41のエラープルーフ化の原理とそれらに基づく支援ツールを活用することで,約8件の対策案を約15分前後で考案できることがわかった.これらの原理や活用支援ツールの有効性については,今後,多くの職場で実際に活用してもらって検証する必要があるが,バス事業者におけるエラープルーフ化の取り組みを促進する上で役立つものとなる可能性が高いと考えられる.
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