巻号一覧
46 巻 (2016)
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46 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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特集
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宮越 直樹原稿種別: 特集 『社会の安全・安心を確保するための行政による規制と事業者による自律的マネジメントのあり方』
2016 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 7-13
発行日: 2016/01/15
公開日: 2017/04/17
ジャーナル 認証ありIn Japan, the lessons learned from Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident have been reflecting and implementing to the nuclear facilities in order to re-start their operations. However, when we review the Fukushima nuclear accident from the viewpoint of the quality assurance, it is regrettable that this nuclear quality assurance could not contribute to prevent from Fukushima nuclear accident. The nuclear quality assurance up to now was mainly focused to the quality of the products and maintaining and operating activities of the nuclear facilities. Essentially, the quality assurance is a scientific approach to achieve the objectives and consists of identifying quality problems, providing their solutions and corrective actions to prevent from recurrence. It should be also effective to achieve nuclear safety. Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident taught us that nuclear safety is achieved by the efforts of all participants of the nuclear business. Nuclear safety starts from siting and terminates decommissioning including emergency preparedness. It is important to reconsider wide-ranging and more in-depth management systems to contribute safety. It should be a kind of social system involving all participants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1148K) -
岡本 満喜子原稿種別: 特集 『社会の安全・安心を確保するための行政による規制と事業者による自律的マネジメントのあり方』
2016 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 14-19
発行日: 2016/01/15
公開日: 2017/04/17
ジャーナル 認証ありTransportation safety management system is a system that is intended for land, sea and air all of the transportation operators. This system, in response to the serious accident occurred in transportation in 2005, was introduced in 2006. The purpose of this system is to prevent accidents caused by human error. In this system, transportation operators turning the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle for accident prevention and building a safety culture, government agencies to evaluate the operators' efforts. The most important in this system is the active involvement of top management with respect to safety, because it is basic for the functioning of the safety measures. This system has been established as a system to ensure the safety of transport in these days. However, there are the following problem with this system. Despite the evaluation of the country is being performed, it happened accidents due to the problem of organizational culture. Now that time has elapsed from the introduction of the system, there is a need to consider how to operate the system effectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (859K) -
永井 庸次原稿種別: 特集 『社会の安全・安心を確保するための行政による規制と事業者による自律的マネジメントのあり方』
2016 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 20-27
発行日: 2016/01/15
公開日: 2017/04/17
ジャーナル 認証ありI gave some outlines in regulation, third party evaluations and the process improvement activity in healthcare and discussed healthcare characteristic and the problems in the biological information monitoring devices and electronic medical records抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1405K) -
加藤 進弘, 鈴木 和幸原稿種別: 特集 『社会の安全・安心を確保するための行政による規制と事業者による自律的マネジメントのあり方』
2016 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 28-35
発行日: 2016/01/15
公開日: 2017/04/17
ジャーナル 認証ありAccording to the conventional legal mechanism, even if a new scientific knowledge such as new earthquake resistance standards was provided, the new findings could not be retroactively applied to the existing facilities and to the sold products (back fitting) without special laws. However, since the first Fukushima nuclear plant accident occurred, this way of thinking has been reviewed, and a "back fitting mechanism" has been adopted in some fields as the new laws or rules. The back fitting based on systematic activities of quality assurance including the upstream management should be carried out by enterprises as the autonomous activities, and the regulations by the government should stimulate these activities. Additionally, quality assurance system is a kind of a basic common language for building social consensus of the back fitting among enterprises, the government, engineers (risk managers) and users, inhabitants (risk owners). This paper proposes a quality assurance system for safety focusing on the top event mode and the predicted effect to construct the back fitting mechanism, and its role of risk managers and risk owners.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1097K) -
首藤 由紀原稿種別: 特集 『社会の安全・安心を確保するための行政による規制と事業者による自律的マネジメントのあり方』
2016 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 36-39
発行日: 2016/01/15
公開日: 2017/04/17
ジャーナル 認証ありSince the early 2000s, violation-caused accidents and misconducts have got a lot of social attention. Violations has been referred to as a new type of human error, which is very difficult to prevent. In order to encourage compliance to safety regulations and rules, the following 4 steps should be considered; 1) make good rules, 2) make everyone informed about the rules, 3) check the conformity of the rules, 4) apply just praise and blame.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (662K) -
木村 浩原稿種別: 特集 『社会の安全・安心を確保するための行政による規制と事業者による自律的マネジメントのあり方』
2016 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 40-45
発行日: 2016/01/15
公開日: 2017/04/17
ジャーナル 認証あり"What is the society with safety and trustworthiness?" In order to provide an answer to the question, first, the author illustrated the relationship between safety and risk in this paper. A definition of safety is "freedom from unacceptable risk." Next, the author discussed the relationship between risk management and communication through the explanation about risk communication. The risk communication is "an interactive process of exchange of information and opinion among individuals, groups, and institutions." In the risk management, it is seriously important for the risk owner to develop the partnership with the stakeholders related the risk problem. After that, the author introduced the trustworthiness, which is based on the development of stakeholders' partnership. The trustworthiness includes the expectation of competence and intention. The stakeholders of a risk problem may expect the intention of the risk owner through communication on the risk management. At the same time, the risk owner have to provide such opportunities to manage the risk appropriately. Finally, the author indicated both risk owners and stakeholders should collaborate the risk management, based on the trustworthiness each other.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (909K)
連載
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大沼 邦彦原稿種別: 連載 『経営トップ：私のＴＱＭ事始め』
2016 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 46-50
発行日: 2016/01/15
公開日: 2017/04/17
ジャーナル 認証ありMy first project at Hitachi, Ltd. was the development of control computers. As the computers were used as core systems, the reliability of them was essential. Therefore, I was taught to study system architecture in depth. This was a good opportunity for me to learn TQM approach which can optimize the entire operation, and became a key approach in my business operations. Further, later experiences told me that the importance of reliability, safety and service in high-valued system creation for end customers as well as our customers; and, the importance of service quality level. In the business administration of an automobile parts manufacturer, I focused on three policies to make the company be competitive in a fierce global business environment: 1) to establish a business operation system corresponding to international business community, 2) to achieve good production and quality that can satisfy our customers, and 3) to cultivate human resources for supporting quality enhancement globally. These are just as the basic of TQM defined by JSQC: so, we can further say that TQM is a part of management itself.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8932K)
論文誌編
応用研究論文
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清水 悠貴, 高村 純享, 千田 悟郎, 中條 武志原稿種別: 応用研究論文
2016 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 103-113
発行日: 2016/01/15
公開日: 2017/04/17
ジャーナル 認証ありヒューマンエラー(以下,エラーと略す)による不良・事故を防ぐには,未然防止の立場からエラープルーフ化(機器,部品,手順等の作業方法の工夫・改善)を行うことが大切である.しかし,作業方法に基づいてエラーの発生頻度を推定する方法については,作業担当者の定性的な判断に頼っているのが現状であり,客観的なデータに基づいて定量的に推定する方法は,少数の先行研究を除き,研究されていない.本研究では,製造業における主要な工程の一つである機械加工工程を取り上げ,そこで行われている広い範囲の作業について,エラーの発生頻度を定量的に推定できる方法を開発した.この方法では,作業に含まれる要素作業を書き出した後,エラー発生要因の点数付けを行い,この結果をもとに,予め求めたエラー発生要因とエラー発生頻度の関係式を用いてエラーの発生頻度を推定する.2つの機械加工工程に適用した結果,少数のエラー発生要因を用いることでエラー発生頻度を精度良く推定できること,推定式はエラーの種類ごとに異なること,エラーの種類によっては作業の種類による層別が必要なことなどが分かった.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1268K) -
宮川 雅巳, 黒澤 理紗原稿種別: 応用研究論文
2016 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 114-118
発行日: 2016/01/15
公開日: 2017/04/17
ジャーナル 認証あり機能窓法は,2つの不具合現象がトレードオフ関係にあるときに,そのトレードオフ関係を引き起こす機能窓因子を外側に割りつけた実験を行い,2つの不具合現象を削減させる技法である.しかし,一般にトレードオフ関係にある不具合現象は1組でなく,複数組存在することが多い.本研究では,2組のトレードオフ関係のあるシステムを対象にして,2つの機能窓因子を取り上げた実験方法とその解析法を提案し,ある回路設計に対して実際に適用した.その結果,全部で4種類ある不具合現象を大幅に削減させる設計条件の発見に成功した.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1005K)
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