RADIOISOTOPES

Uranium Content, ²³⁴U/²³⁸U Activity Ratio and Watar Quality of Seepage Water in the Tsukuba Tunnel, Ibaraki, Japan

Yutaka KANAI, Yukio SAKAMAKI, Masakatsu SASADA

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 143-150
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.143

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Uranium content, ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratio and chemical component of seepage water have been examined in the Tsukuba Tunnel, Ibaraki, northeast Japan. Quality of fracture water through granodiorite was varied from calcium carbonate type to alkali carbonate type in accordance with the distance from the adit mouth. Uranium content in fracture water through gabbro was less than that through granodiorite. ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratio was higher than 1.0 because of the recoil effect of ²³⁴Th. The maximum value was 3.9. Uranium content of such a sample was high, even though the water was in reducing condition. It is concluded that this sample has been recharged by stagnant deep water that had been confined into rock fractures for a long time and led to have large amount of HCO₃^-.

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ATP-Loading ²⁰¹Tl Myocardial SPECT for the Detection of Ischemic Heart Disease

Tsuyoshi FUJINAGA, Hajime MURATA, Hirotaka MARUNO, Sayaka YAMAZAKI, Ma ...

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 151-156
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.151

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To evaluate the usefulness for the detection of ischemic heart disease, ATP myocardial SPECT was perfomed in 35 patients (mean; 59±9.4 y.o.) with angina pectoris or old myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography (CAG) was performed in all patients.
The ultra-short half-life of ATP required a continuous infusion for its use. ATP was infused intravenously at a rate of 0.16 mg/kg/min for 5 min, with ²⁰¹T1 injection taking place at 3 min. Myocardial SPECT imaging was begun 5 min and 4 h later after the end of ATP infusion.
ATP caused a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure (p<0.01) and reflex increase in heart rate (p<0.01) . Double product increased slightly (from 8394±2452 to 9581±1 856) .
The side effects were generally mild, transient, and no need for administration of aminophylline. The most frequent side effects include chest pain (26%), flushing, warmth (14%), headache (11%), palpitation (3%), dyspnea (3%), and arm discomfort (3%) . The second degree AV block was observed in 6% and ST depression was observed in 9% of patients.
Usefulness of ATP ²⁰¹T1 myocardial SPECT for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) was evaluated using CAG as a golden standard. The sensitivity and specificiy for CAD detection were 82% and 90%, respectively. ATP myocardial SPECT is a promising new test for the detection of ischemic heart disease.

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Distributions of Radioactive Caesium in Mosses and Application of Mosses for Monitoring of Radioactive Caesiums

Kimio ISOMURA, Masanobu HIGUCHI, Hisashi SHIBATA, Hirofumi TSUKADA, Ki ...

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 157-163
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.157

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In this study, concentrations and distributions of ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁷Be and ⁴⁰K in mosses collected in Japan were investigated. ¹³⁷Cs, ⁷Be and ⁴⁰K were detected in all samples of the 55 mosses, and ¹³⁴Cs were detected in the 33 samples of them. The average ¹³⁴Cs/¹³⁷Cs radioactivity ratio in mosses was 0.057±0.026. This radioactivity ratio was not accordant with the calculated value, 0.10 derived from the ratio (0.5) of the Chernobyl accident in 1986. The concentrations of ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs in the mosses increased with the heights of sampling points. The correlation coefficients between the concentration of radioactive caesiums and the altitude of sampling points were significant, and the correlation coefficient of ¹³⁴Cs was higher than that of ¹³⁷Cs.
Various parts of Hylocomium splendens, a moss, showing a typical stepwise annual growth, were investigated for the purpose of monitoring radioactivity which was concentrated in plants every year. The concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in the older part of Hylocomium splendens were higher than that in younger one. The degree of decrease in the concentration of ¹³⁷Cs at 1986, 1987 and 1988 was smaller than that of other years. ¹³⁴Cs was detected only in the leaves grown in 1986, 1987 and 1988. These results suggest that Hylocomiun splendens are useful for monitoring of radioactive caesium for past a few years.

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Radioprotective Effects in Mice by a Single Dose of Subcutaneous Administration of Cobaltous Chloride Post γ-Rays Irradiation with a Sublethal Dose

Yoshiro IZUMO, Hiromitsu OGATA

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 164-168
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.164

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Radioprotective effects were investigated in mice which received subcutaneously a single dose of each inorganic metal: Co, Cu, Rb, Sr, Mo and W 24h post irradiation of ⁶⁰Co γ-rays with a sublethal dose.
The effects were observed in mice injected with Co at an optimum dosage of 20 mg/kg· body weight. Then to elucidate mechanisms of the effects, mice were injected with Co containing the radioactive tracer (₆₀Co) following the radiation exposure, measured elimination of the radioactivity for 7 days, then sacrificed and divided to some tissues and organs. The radioactivity in whole body during this period resulted in a markedly higher retention than that for mice injected with [₆₀Co] alone, as well as liver in the organs. These higher retentions appeared to be related to the radioprotective effects.

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Well-type Ge Detector for Measuring Small Amount of Environmental Samples

Yutaka KANAI

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 169-172
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.169

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A well-type Ge detector was studied to use for determining radioactivities of U and T h-series nuclides in small amount of environmental samples. Peak efficiencies of the well-type detector decreased against the height of sample (relative variation rate (a'/Eff (_at24mm) ) was about -1%/ mm in this study) . The principal reason is thought to be in self-absorption. It is convenient to use the first-order regression formula to calculate the efficiencies if sample height is lower than the well depth. This technique was applied to lake core samples to determine sedimentation rate, and a good result was obtained.

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Recent Data on Radiogenic Cancer Risks in Humans

Hiromichi MATSUDAIRA

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 173-179
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.173

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Environmental Effect Studies on a Forest Ecosystem in Germany

—Transport of Chernobyl-derived radiocesium in a forest—

Masayoshi YAMAMOTO, Kurt Bunzl

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 180-188
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.180

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Long-term acid deposition on a forest ecosystem can have serious impacts on many physicochemical processes in the soil. Since 1984 extensive studies have been carried out in the “Höglwald”, an old Norway spruce stand near Munich, Germany. In 1986 a variety of radionuclides were deposited in the canopy and on the forest floor of the Höglwald following the reactor accident at Chernobyl. The amount of ₁₃₇Cs from Chernobyl was about 10 times larger than that present in the soil before Chernobyl. Six experimental plots were established in order to study the potential disturbances caused by artificial acid irrigation and compensative liming. Using these fields, investigations on the interception and retention of radionuclides by a coniferous woodland have been done together with the deposition and vertical migration of the radionuclides in the forest. One of the most important results obtained was that ₁₃₄Cs deposition velocity in the spruce stand was as high as 5.5mm/s, and thus higher by a factor of 10 than the corresponding value for the grassland. By evaluating the depth profiles of the Chernobyl-derived ₁₃₇Cs in the soil with a compartment model. The fixation of radiocesium in the forest soil was found to be a rather slow process.

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VIII. Positron emission tomography

1. Its principle and outline

Norimasa NOHARA

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 189-198
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.189

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 199-200
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.199

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 201-202
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.201

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 203-204
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.203

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 205-206
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.205

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 207-208
Published: March 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.42.207

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