Pulse height, energy resolution, decay time and background counts were measured for a newly developed scintillator, LGSO, and compared with those for LSO of the same size. The pulse hight for 511keVgamma ray is 18% larger than that of LSO while the energy resolution was slightly worse than that of LSO. The decay time of the LGSO measured by the single photon counting method was 35ns, almost same as that of LSO. The background counts of LGSO due to the natural radioactivity in lutetium was 10% lower than that of LSO. These results indicate that LGSO is also promising scintillator for detectors of positron emission tomograph.
Long term (three years from Aug. 1994 up to Sep. 1997) irradiated prechemically etched CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors were used for the estimation of recoil proton track densities and related dose equivalent of atmospheric neutrons whose energies (Enabove-0.5 MeV which we call the effective fast neutrons) cause observable recoil proton tracks. The CR-39 detectors were exposed to the ordinary atmosphere and to up and down sides of building ceilings to estimate the total effect of buildings, ceilings and air voids, on the effective fast neutrons fluences. Also the attenuation of such neutrons within concrete was investigated. It was found that atmospheric cosmic neutrons of fluences above -0.5 Me V decrease with the increasing of concrete thicknesses (0-12 cm) . The average build up factor B times the attenuation terme-Σt.d (build up-attenuation coefficient) B⋅e-Σt.dwas calculated for each ceiling and for concrete blocks. The results give agreements with experiments done hitherto.
The radioactive disequilibrium between222Rnand its daughter nuclides214Pband214Biincluded in situ ground water has been investigated for three locations. Water samples collected carefully in 100mL Teflon vials were immediately transported to the laboratory and measured with a low-background Ge spectrometer. It has been shown that222Rnand its daughters214Pband214Biin ground water are not in radioactive equilibrium and deduced radioactivities of daughter nuclides are ranged from 0.5 to 38.5% of that of radon by fitting the growth decay curves.
During the incineration of liquid scintillation cocktail waste, the steam of the exhaust air is condensed to water in the duct, thereby causing corrosion and pinholes. To prevent the corrosion of the duct and the degradation of the filter, we designed a condenser and connected it between the incineration system and the duct to remove the condensed water. Upon incineration of about 10Lof liquid scintillation cocktail, about 11Lof water including circulating cooling water was removed by a submerged method. The pH value of the trapped water in the condenser was found to be lower than the original cocktail waste.