We have developed the method to detect DNA damage within the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification region and estimate the risk of secondary cancer induction in radiation cancer therapy. DNA samples were irradiated with γ-rays, and oxidative damage and abasic sites were converted into strand breaks using formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease (III), respectively. The yields of DNA damage were subsequently evaluated by PCR. The ratio of strand breaks : abasic sites : oxidative damage was approximately 1.0 : 2.8 : 2.4, revealing the proportions of different apparent DNA damage.

In recent years, a non-destructive elemental analysis method using a muon beam has been developed and applied to various research fields. This method is based on the measurement of high-energy characteristic “muonic” X-rays emitted after muon irradiation on the sample. In this article, the principle, application and feature development of the muon elemental analysis method are presented.

Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation codes are widely used for dose evaluation in various radiation therapies owing to their high precision. Several tools have been developed for automatically converting SPECT/CT and PET/CT images into input files for these Monte Carlo codes. These tools can be used for dose evaluation in nuclear medicine. In this article, we introduce the current status of such tool development and provide an overview of the nuclear medicine-related features of RT-PHITS, which are currently under development.

The MIRD method is a method for evaluating internal radiation doses from radiopharmaceuticals proposed by the MIRD Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI). The basic concept of the MIRD method proposed more than half a century ago has not changed significantly to this day, but it has evolved into a highly accurate method with the development of mathematical (or computational) phantoms and Monte Carlo calculations. In addition, the calculation software recently distributed by the MIRD Committee includes some recent efforts. This report outlines the basics of the MIRD method and recent efforts of the MIRD committee.

Dosimetry is essential to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Radionuclide Therapy. Dosimetry requires time-integrated activity (TIA) in the target tissue from multiple Imaging. The accuracy of TIA depends on the quantitatively of the image and the fitting method. This paper is discussed the basics of imaging and TIA necessary for dosimetry, as well as the latest developments in the field.

Internal dosimetry software for radionuclide therapy ranges from stand-alone conventional dose calculations to vendors-provided software that is installed in the workstation of nuclear medicine imaging system and seamlessly supports everything from image reconstruction to dose calculation based on therapeutic or alternative radionuclide imaging. This paper introduces the current state of internal dosimetry software in radionuclide therapy.