We researched into the classification of X-ray figure and the functional evaluation of hip joints according to Japan Orthopaedic Association. Therefore, we examined the isometric muscle strength of hip abductors, the ratio of its strength to body weight and the quantity of employment for hip abductors in 50 cases which contained 100 cases of the bilateral osteoarthritis of hip joints.
Results:
(1) In relations between the age and the classification of X-ray figures in A group, the unilateral type was III. 1, the contralateral type was III. 4 and the average age was 32.2 years old. In B group, the unilateral type was II, the contralateral type was II. 3 and the average age was 37.9 years old. In C group, the unilateral type was I, the contralateral type was I. 6 and the average age was 49.7 years old. In D group, the unilateral type was O, the contralateral type was I. 4 and the average age was 54.9 years old. According as increases of age, the degeneration of regions in X-ray figures was recognized.
(2) In relations between the classification of X-ray figure and the functional evaluation of hip joints in III. 1 type, the average point of the functional evaluation was 86.1. In II type, it was 82.7 and in I type, it was 53.7 and in O type, it was 50.8.
(3) In relations between the classification of X-ray figures and the strength of hip abductors in III. 1 type, the average of the muscle strength was 137.8 kg. In II type, it was 82.7 kg. In I type, it was 53.7 kg and in O type, 50.8 kg.
(4) In relations between the classification of X-ray figures and the ratio of its strength to body weight in III. 1 type, the ratio was 2.7. In II type, it was 1.66. In I type, it was 1.0 and in O type, it was 0.96.
(5) In relations between the classification of X-ray figures and the quantity of employment for hip abductors in III. 1 type, the quantity was 131.7 kg/mm/sec. In II type, it was 79.7 kg/mm/sec. In I type, it was 50.46 kg/mm/sec. and in O type, it was 48.3 kg/mm/sec.
In results of (2), (3), (4) and (5), there was recognized correlation P<0.05 in each reference.

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Seven male and three female subjects with no history of previous injury to their knees and two subjects with anterolateral rotatory instability were examined using a CYBEX to measure anterior displacement of tibia.
Anterior laxity of normal subjects averaged 4.9 millimeters in 45 degrees of flexion, while insufficient subjects averaged 12.0 millimeters.
Since anterior displacement of tibia is probably caused by patello-femoral compression force in association with activity of quadriceps femoris, rehabilitation of patients who underwent a repair for anterolateral rotatory instability should be done carefully and active ROM exercise should be done for assisting screw home movement which is opposed to anterolateral rotatory instability.

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With the object of putting on the market, Functional Electrical Stimulator (FES) has been produced for hemiplegic patients who have inadequate dorsiflexion at ankle during swing phase. The pulse form obtained from this stimulator (70×62×20 mm, 100 g) is rectangular and negative. The frequency is 30 pulse per second, the pulse width is 0.3 millisecond, and the maximum output is 160 volts. The stimulator operates from a 9 volt dry cell. The foot switch contains a tape switch element at the heel area and is inserted as an insole switch into the affected side of shoe. During walking, the foot switch triggers stimulation of the peroneal nerve with surface electrodes.
Eighty patients who walked with cane or without cane and had inadequate dorsiflexion or/and eversion at ankle during swing phase were selected as clinically appropriate candidates for FES. Fifty two of 80 patients (65 percent) regained adequate dorsiflexion and eversion at ankle by FES. We found that FES was suited for patients who were categorized between IV and V in Brunnstrom stage of lower limb function and in low spacity level.
Improvement of walking speed and stride length by FES is almost similar to that of AFO. Furthermore, FES for hemiplegia has certain merits especially when used in Japanese life style.
We are introducing FES into the physical treatment program of hemiplegia. The schedule and purpose of the program using FES are shown below:
1. Therapeutic FES
Period: from just after a stroke to just before the beginning of a gait exercise
Indication: between I and III in Brunnstrom stage of the lower limb function
Purpose: 1) maintaining of the deep sensation
    2) prevention of muscle atrophy
    3) maintaining of the range of motion
    4) psychological effects
2. Training FES
Period: from the beginning of a gait exercise to discharge
Indication: between IV and V in Brunnstrom stage
Purpose: 1) acquiring gait patterns
    2) carry-over effects for paralytic muscle
    3) selection of patients who are suited for daily life FES
3. Daily life FES
Period: after discharge
Indication: between IV and V in Brunnstrom stage
Purpose: 1) practical use of FES for daily activities
    2) maintaining and increasing of the range of motion and muscle strength
We hope that much more physical therapists and occupational therapists use FES clinaiclly and investigate FES especially on carry-over phenomenon.

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