The Journal of Research Institute for the History of Global Arms Transfer
Online ISSN : 2423-8546
Print ISSN : 2423-8538
ISSN-L : 2423-8538
Volume 2020, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • [in Japanese]
    2020 Volume 2020 Issue 1 Pages 1-2
    Published: January 21, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2025
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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  • A Review of External Military Assistance and the Development of Indigenous Defence Industry
    FU-KUO LIU
    2020 Volume 2020 Issue 1 Pages 3-25
    Published: January 21, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2025
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Throughout the Cold War era, the ROC’s national security was threatened by the PRC’s enmity. Even in the present day, the ROC’s national security strategy focuses overwhelmingly on addressing military threats from the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). Although the US has, over the years, granted hardware and software to Taiwan to strengthen its defence capabilities, Taiwan has remained far from independent in defence modernisation and national security. For Taiwan, a hard lesson learned from changes to US policy in Asia and other bilateral relations was that the US will only invest in countries that will bear fruit for it. Post-World War Two economic development in Taiwan has been closely linked to political attempts to develop a strong indigenous defence industry, with the aim of ensuring Taiwan would be able to avoid the potential risks associated with changes in US policy. The development of an indigenous defence industry thus became critical and would go on to gain prevailing support in domestic politics. Taiwan’s development of an indigenous defence industry started with three public institutions/organisations and gradually networked more than 200 indigenous SMEs. Over the decades, the country has built a very useful and promising defence industrial chain, reflecting more generally the benefits of economic development for Taiwan.
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  • KYENGHO SON
    2020 Volume 2020 Issue 1 Pages 27-39
    Published: January 21, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2025
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    The National Security policy of South Korea has been distinctly shaped by its historical experience during the Korean War. Facing a sudden invasion from North Korea, South Korea did not have any other option but to rely on the support of the US to conduct the war. The US began to strengthen the South Korean armed forces, based on its national security policy, as the armistice negotiations progressed towards the end of the war. Because South Korea lacked modern military technology and funds, the US planned a preponderant ground force, with a small navy and air force that could be supported by US capabilities. The concentration on ground forces called for self-reliance on the part of South Korea. Meanwhile, the South Koreans succeeded in concluding a ROK-US Alliance to secure US commitment for the defence of South Korea. Self-help efforts and the alliance with the US became two distinctive features of South Korean defence policy in the Cold War era. However, the US reduced its commitment to South Korean defence during the period of détente, although South Korea devoted its national resources to the Vietnam War. South Korean elites opened a new dimension to national self-defence efforts by producing basic weapons and developing independent military strategies. As a result, South Koreans were able to arm themselves with their own weapons. Later, with the increase of tension with the Soviet Union, the US changed its policy towards South Korea to re-institute its commitment to the defence of South Korea. In this context, South Korea continued its self-defence efforts, and tried to maintain the commitment of the US while gradually reducing its dependence on US capabilities for its defence.
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  • States, Entrepreneurs and Educational Institutions, 1940-64
    APARAJITH RAMNATH
    2020 Volume 2020 Issue 1 Pages 41-59
    Published: January 21, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2025
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    This paper examines the beginnings of aircraft manufacture and maintenance in India by exploring the early history of Hindustan Aircraft Limited (HAL)—India’s premier producer of military aircraft—from its establishment (1940) to the inauguration of its best known locally designed aircraft (1964). Scholars have seen HAL’s beginnings primarily as an instance of colonial imperatives subugating indigenous enterprise (the company was promoted by industrialist Walchand Hirachand and later taken over by the colonial government). This paper, on the other hand, emphasises the multiplicity of actors and the broader, often extra-imperial networks that played a role in HAL’s development. The plant in Bangalore was commissioned by a team of American engineers under W.D. Pawley, who would arrange for manufacturing licences, machinery and materials through his American company, Intercontinent Corporation. These American experts supervised a team of Indian engineers and technicians; the factory was run by the US Army during the latter years of World War II. Other crucial actors were the princely government of Mysore, which provided land and concessions for the factory; German and Germany-trained experts who worked in HAL’s design teams in the post-Independence period; and the Indian Institute of Science, which provided HAL with trained personnel and research facilities.
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  • Air Operations and Propaganda
    YUKI HAYASHI
    2020 Volume 2020 Issue 1 Pages 61-86
    Published: January 21, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2025
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    The first war that saw the use of an air force was the Libyan War (Italo-Turkish War), in which the Italian army became the first military force in the world to weaponise aeroplanes and airships. This article examines four aspects: how the Italian army was able to form an air force at the beginning of the war, how pilots accomplished air operations, the effects of these operations and the perception of ‘air power’ that spread through Italy. By 1910, the Italian army had established pilot academies and trained some soldiers and sailors. Therefore, when the war began, the Brigade Specialists of Engineers (Brigata Specialisti del Genio) was able to induct skilled pilots, while some civilian pilots also volunteered to serve at the front. At the Libyan front, Italy’s air operations, especially bombing, impact the situation enough to cause any significant change; instead, the Ottomans sometimes used the image of aeroplanes for boosting the morale of the local people who thought that the Islamic saint flew to help them. Meanwhile in Italy, it was assumed that the Italian pilots inflicted more damage than they sustained and newspapers propagated a narrative of ‘the supremacy of the air and the panic on the ground’. As a result, a donation campaign for the Italian air service held in 1912 gathered over three million lire, and this focus of Italy on its air force was contemporarily mythicized as the unity of Italians.
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  • MASAHIKO AKATSU
    2020 Volume 2020 Issue 1 Pages 87-109
    Published: January 21, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2025
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Scientific knowledge and technology that has to do with preventing environmental problems tends to be transferred to developing countries from developed countries as international aid or for an exchange. However, it cannot be asserted that such knowledge or technology cannot be diverted for military use. This article examines two historical cases in which scientific knowledge and technology was used against nuisances caused mainly by industrial smoke in nineteenth-century British cities and towns. This knowledge and technology, which could generally be regarded as peaceful, was used for military purposes, including for the improvement of early naval steamers that had only just begun to be used by the Royal Navy in the mid-nineteenth century. The article also reveals how and why knowledge and technology used to combat environmental degradation could be diverted for military use.
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  • [in Japanese]
    2020 Volume 2020 Issue 1 Pages 111-114
    Published: January 21, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2025
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    2020 Volume 2020 Issue 1 Pages 115-118
    Published: January 21, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2025
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Download PDF (584K)
  • [in Japanese]
    2020 Volume 2020 Issue 1 Pages 119-123
    Published: January 21, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2025
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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