Rigakuryoho Kagaku
Online ISSN : 2434-2807
Print ISSN : 1341-1667
Volume 30, Issue 6
Displaying 1-38 of 38 articles from this issue
Original ArticleS
  • Wataru TAKISHITA, Mutsumi TAKENAKA, Daichi NAGAOKA, Kazuyuki OGISO
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 803-809
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] This study was designed to clarify the effects of the in vivo fascicle behavior of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) on the knee joint torque (KJT)- angle (KJA) relationship, and to examine the indirect contributions of tendinous tissues to it. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen males performed voluntary (VOL) and electrically (ELE) stimulated isometric knee extensions, at KJAs of 30, 60 and 90˚. For the ELE condition, electrical stimulation (ES) of 20 Hz was applied to the VL at 10 different intensity levels. [Results] In VOL, positive relationships were observed between EMG and KJT. Movement of the fascicle increased with KJA. In ELE, KJT was constant at 30˚ and gradually increased at larger KJA with ES intensity. As KJA decreased, fascicle movement in the proximal direction increased. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the KJT-KJA relationship is influenced by the behavior of tendinous tissue due to there being more slack in the tissue in extended positions.
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  • Mutsumi ONUKI, Motohide ARITA, Etsuji INOUE, Morihiro TSUJISHITA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 811-815
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To conduct preliminary research on the effect virtual reality (VR) gaming using bio-sensing has on the motor function of the elderly. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-three elderly persons played VR games more than twice a week for 4 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention performances of the 10-m walking time (10 mWT), the timed up-and-go test (TUG), and the 5-step test (5ST), as well as functions measured by the games, average reaction speed and game success rates, were compared. Exercise habits were also investigated using a questionnaire. [Results] Post-intervention TUG, 5ST, average reaction speed and success rate results were significantly better than at pre-intervention, and significantly more subjects who successfully completed the games had exercise habits. [Conclusion] Post-intervention motor function was significantly improved, but the results suggest the possibility that it was influenced by audio-visual function or TV game experience.
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  • Toshiya TSUKAMOTO, Masaki UCHIDA, Hitoshi MARUYAMA, Nodoka MIURA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 817-822
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To clarify the characteristics of respiratory muscle fatigue in breath-loading at 50% maximum expiratory mouth pressure. [Subjects] Eleven healthy males. [Methods] We measured the maximum inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures, (PImax) and PEmax, during breath-loading and rest, and used electromyography (EMG) frequency analysis to verify the state of the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, abdominal rectus, and internal and external oblique muscles. [Results] PImax and PEmax decreased over time and recovered after rest. The median frequency decreased in the rectus abdominis and internal and external oblique muscles at PImax, and in the trapezius, rectus abdominis, and internal and external oblique muscles at PEmax. During the rest period of 30 min, recovery was observed in the external oblique muscle at PImax, and in the abdominal rectus and external oblique muscles at PEmax. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that respiratory muscle fatigue caused by expiratory resistance loading causes decreases in PImax and PEmax.
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  • Kunihiro KAWAKATSU, Kyoshi MASE, Hirobumi KAWAMURA, Norihiko YAGI
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 823-827
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To investigate the method of clinical training assessment, its relationships with knowledge confirmation examination and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) results were investigated. [Subjects] Fifty-nine students who graduated in March 2015. [Methods] The correlations of knowledge confirmation examination and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) results with clinical training assessment results were investigated. [Results] In each clinical training period, the knowledge confirmation examination and OSCE results showed correlations with only a few of the items in each field of the clinical training assessment. [Conclusion] It appears that the OSCE acts as a first hurdle before clinical training. Therefore, introduction of the OSCE in each clinical training period, and simulated patient examinations should be points for future consideration. There is a possibility that external examiners’ role in the OSCE is somehow connected with the understanding of the assessment benchmarks of clinical training.
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  • Kaoru KOBAYASHI, Yukinobu HIIRAGI
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 829-832
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To clarify the relationships of lower limb agility and other motor functions with mobility capability. [Subjects] Sixty-five elderly persons (17 males, 48 females) who participated in a physical fitness test. [Methods] The items of the motor function assessment were: the stepping test (OCS-10), the 30-sec chair stand test (CS-30), and the functional reach test (FRT); and the assessments of mobility capability were: the 5-m maximum walking time (5MWT), the timed up-and-go test (TUG). Regression analysis was performed with 5MWT and TUG as the dependent variables, and each of the items of the motor function assessment as independent variables. [Results] Factors significantly affecting the 5MWT were determined to be the CS-30 and FRT, and in addition to these two factors, the OCS-10 also significantly affected TUG. [Conclusion] From the perspective of walking, lower limb strength and balance ability are important factors, and under conditions demanding a change in action, lower limb agility becomes an important factor.
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  • Yoshihito TOMITA, Toshio HIGASHI, Youichi KAWAHARA, Takuhiro OKABE, Sa ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 833-838
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] In the present study, we examined the relationship between the time to rise from the floor (TRF) and physical function (muscle strength, balance ability, pain, and flexibility). [Subjects and Methods] This study examined 88 outpatients visiting the orthopedics department of our hospital who were aged ≥65 years. Among the subjects, the association of TRF with grip strength, knee extension strength, finger-floor distance (FFD), functional reach test (FRT) results, and the total number of painful joints was assessed. Simple correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the relationships of TRF with pain and physical function. [Results] Correlation analysis revealed that TRF significantly correlated with age, pain, grip strength, knee extension strength, FFD, and FRT results. In the multiple regression analysis, knee extension strength, FRT results, pain, and FFD were found to independently correlate with TRF. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that the safety and efficiency of the manner in which the elderly rise from the floor affect their lower extremity muscle strength, balance ability, pain, and flexibility.
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  • Kohei TAKAHASHI, Manabu UCHIDA, Kayoko ISHIMURA, Tomomi SAKURAZAWA, As ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 839-842
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To clarify vertebral compression fracture (VCF) patients’ dietary status, and to investigate the association of their energy intake and walking ability, an outcome measure of rehabilitation. [Subjects] Thirty-one VCF patients who could walk independently prior to VCF. [Methods] Their energy intake ratio (energy intake/energy consumption) was assessed over 7 days of hospital admission. Patients with an energy intake ratio ≥1.0 were assigned to the sufficient (SUF) group, and those with a ratio <1.0 were assigned to the deficient (DEF) group; and the functional ambulation category (FAC), an index of walking ability, was compared between the two groups. [Results] Seventy-four percent of the patients were found to have dietary deficiency. The FAC of the SUF group was significantly higher than that of the DEF group both at the start of walking training and at hospital discharge, and an association between the energy intake ratio and FAC was found. [Conclusion] The results suggest that many VCF patients have dietary intake deficiency, and that this affects their walking ability.
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  • Makoto OIKAWA, Akira KUBO
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 843-846
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To clarify the factors deciding the advisability of outdoor activities for community-dwelling stroke patients. [Subjects] Sixty-five hemiplegic stroke outpatients of our hospital with a stroke onset of less than 6 months. [Methods] Based on the life space assessment (LSA) of maximum independent activity range, subjects were divided into an indoor group and an outdoor group, and the results of the 10-m walking time (10mWT), the 6-min walking distance (6MWD), the 30-s sit-to-stand count, and the 30-s chair-stand test (CS-30) of each group were compared. Furthermore, when significant differences were found, the cut-off points were calculated. [Results] Significant differences were found for the 10mWT, the 6MWD, and the CS-30. Their respective cut-off points were 22.9 s, 112 m, and 5.5 times. [Conclusion] The results suggest the advisability of outdoor activities can be determined using the 10mWT, 6MWD and CS-30.
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  • Takeshi KERA, Hisashi KAWAI, Hideyo YOSHIDA, Hirohiko HIRANO, Motonaga ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 847-851
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The aim of this study was to derive correction formulae for two different body composition analyzers by comparison using Bland-Altman plots. [Subjects and Methods] The body compositions of 744 elderly persons attending a comprehensive health examination were measured while they stood barefoot on two different bio-impedance body composition analyzers. The data pairs from the two instruments were compared using correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plots, and correction formulae were derived considering the proportional and fixed biases. [Results] Proportional biases were found for percent body fat and body fat mass, and fixed biases were found for percent body fat, body fat, lean body mass, the skeletal muscle index, and segmental muscle mass. Values computed using the correction formulas considering the biases were in good agreement, and the differences between the two instruments became exceedingly small. [Conclusion] It will be possible to compare the measurement values of these two instruments using the correction formulas.
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  • Yuri INOUE, Yoshitaka OTANIA, Susumu NARUSE, Makoto GOTO, Yoshihumi NA ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 853-856
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] In order to prevent injuries among adolescent female soccer players, this study investigated the lower-extremity muscle strength that affects their dynamic balance. [Subjects] Twenty-nine female soccer players who were junior or junior high school students. [Methods] The isometric strengths of the hip abductor and extensor muscles and the isokinetic strengths of the knee flexor and extensor muscles were measured. The modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) was performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using the scores of mSEBT as the dependent variable and the muscle strength as the independent variable. [Results] Significant correlations were observed between the scores of mSEBT of three directions and the strengths of the knee flexor and extensor and hip abductor muscles. The analysis indicated that the strength of the knee flexor muscle is a factor affecting the scores of mSEBT of the three directions. The level of fit, however, was low. [Conclusion] The study results indicate that, strengthening knee flexor muscles is important for improving dynamic balance in order to prevent lower-extremity injuries among adolescent female soccer players.
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  • Keita SHIMURA, Akira KUBO
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 857-860
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To clarify the characteristics of Bolivians, the height, and forearm and lower leg lengths of Bolivians were measured and compared with those of Japanese. [Subjects] Twenty-eight Bolivians and 40 Japanese aged over 60. [Methods] Using nationality and gender as factors, age, height, and forearm and lower leg lengths as ratios of height were investigated using two-way analysis of variance. [Results] Age was significantly higher for Japanese, and males were significantly taller for both nationalities. The forearm and lower limb lengths expressed as a proportion of height were significantly larger for Bolivian males; mutual interactions were found for neither. [Conclusion] Expressed as ratios of height, Bolivians had longer forearms and lower limb length ratios than Japanese, suggesting ethnic differences. In physical therapy, it will be necessary to consider differences in physique when prescribing assistive aids and the application of morphological measurements.
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  • Kana MITSUHASHI, Tomomi MAEZAWA, Kazuyuki KAWAMURA, Shintarou KUDO
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 861-865
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] Sonography was used to observe the dynamics of the lateral abdominal region muscles during walking. [Subjects] The lateral abdominal region muscles of the 30 male healthy volunteers who participated in this study. [Methods] The linear probe (12 MHz) of the sonograph was positioned over the lateral abdominal region muscle so that the rectus abdominis at the umbilical level, the muscle bellies of the external and internal oblique muscles, and the transversus abdominis could be seen. Walking was recorded in the sagittal plane using a digital video camera which was synchronized with the sonograph. The thickness and deviation of the anterior border of the four lateral abdominal region muscles during walking were calculated. [Results] All of the muscles moved ventrally from mid stance to terminal stance, and they moved dorsally during the swing phase. The thickness ratio of the transversus abdominis was significantly greater than that of the external oblique muscle. [Conclusion] It is possible to conduct stabilization training for the trunk during walking, since the lateral abdominal muscles show small thickness changes and deviations, the internal oblique muscle has higher activity, and the muscle contract-relax of the transversus abdominis is clearly evident.
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  • Eisuke KOGURE, Tsuyoshi HARA, Takaya ISHII, Masaharu MAEDA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 867-872
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] This study investigated the characteristics of fatigue of gastrointestinal cancer patients in the perioperative period. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-three gastrointestinal cancer patients were assessed using the cancer fatigue scale (CFS) and their characteristics of fatigue were investigated using factor analysis of CFS sub-scales. [Results] Three factors were identified and their loadings were respectively 24.5, 17.9, and 17.3%. They were different from the original CFS factors of physical, mental, and cognitive fatigue, and were interpreted as physical durability, mental, and initial action fatigue. [Conclusion] In gastrointestinal cancer patients, physical durability and initial action fatigue are commingled, and there is a possibility that unique characteristics of fatigue, including various factors, exist.
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  • Makoto SAITO, Yusuke NISHIDA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 873-876
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ergonomic and psychosocial factors on low back pain (LBP) of long-term care facility (LTCF) workers. [Subjects] A total of 102 subjects working in LTCFs. [Methods] The subjects answered the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) to evaluate psychosocial factors, and reported the number of times they daily participated in body position change, or transfer of patients to assess ergonomic factors. FABQ is useful for measuring fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with LBP. [Results] Analyses were based on the responses of 83 adult Japanese workers. Subjects’ responses were analyzed using logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses. The psychosocial factor of fear-avoidance beliefs was a significant independent factor according to multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis. [Conclusion] This result suggests that guidelines on LBP should be improved to emphasize the importance of psychosocial factors.
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  • Takayoshi SAITO, Hitoshi MARUYAMA, Kazuo SUGANUMA, Yukari SAITO, Norio ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 877-880
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] Elderly subjects were divided into a falls group and a no-falls group, and their maximum anterior and lateral step widths were measured to investigate their relationships with falls. [Subjects] The subjects were 30 persons (6 males, 24 females) aged over 65, who could walk independently. [Methods] Based on their history of falls in the past year, the subjects were divided into a falls group and a no-falls group. The maximum lateral and anterior step widths were compared between the groups, and the cutoff value was determined. The correlation coefficients of the maximum lateral and anterior step widths were also determined. [Results] Both the maximum anterior and lateral step widths of the falls group were significantly smaller than those of the no-falls group. Furthermore, between the groups, strong correlations for maximum anterior and lateral step widths were found. [Conclusion] Subjects who can make large steps in the anterior and lateral directions have high motor function, and it is our opinion that a decrease in step width possibly increases the risk of falls.
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  • Chika KANEKO, Shigeru HIRABAYASHI, Kazuo SUGANUMA, Hiroshi OHINATA, Ha ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 881-885
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the results of examinations at the end of a school year and the “anxiety with campus life” evaluated using the College Life Anxiety Scale (CLAS). [Subjects] Eighty-eight physical therapy freshmen. [Methods] The students were divided into two groups according to the results of their examinations: the excellent group, and the poor group. The results of CLASs conducted in May, October, and the following February were compared between the groups. [Results] In the poor group, the anxiety with daily living and the feeling of maladjustment to college were significantly higher. The latter gradually became higher with time from admission. These students did not have good relationships with teachers. [Conclusion] Although the cause and effect was unclear, the students of the poor group tended to have high anxiety, especially the feeling of maladjustment to college. Teachers must endeavor to have frequent and friendly communication with such students.
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  • Takeya ONO, Hideki ISHIKURA, Kazuki AIHARA, Yuta SATO, Tomohiro MATSUM ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 887-889
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a daily 4-hour continuous joint fixation with hindlimb unweighting induces joint contracture within a week in rats. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study were 7 Wistar rats. On the first experimental day, the rats’ angles of ankle dorsiflexion were measured. The right hindlimbs of all the rats were fixed in full plantar-flexion, and the left hindlimbs of all the rats were left free as the control. In addition, hindlimb unweighting was performed for all the rats. The unweighting was performed daily for seven consecutive days with a 4-hour joint fixation of the right hindlimbs. On the last day, the angles of right ankle dorsiflexion, after the joint fixation was removed, and left ankle dorsiflexion of all the rats were measured. [Results] Statistically, there was no significant difference between the right and left angles of ankle dorsiflexion before the experiment. There was no significant difference between the first and last experimental day left hindlimb angles of ankle dorsiflexion. The right hindlimb angle of ankle dorsiflexion on the last experimental day showed a significant decrease from that of the first experimental day. [Conclusion] A daily 4-hour continuous joint fixation with hindlimb unweighting induces a joint contracture in rats.
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  • Shinsuke FUJITA, Toshiyuki KAZEHARE, Shintaro GOMI, Ban MIHARA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 891-896
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The effects of the dynamic stretching using a spring-loaded machine (DS) on the body flexibility and exercise performance were investigated and compared with the results of static self-stretching (SS). [Subjects] Thirty young healthy volunteers were divided into three groups: DS 4 times/week (DS4), DS 2 times/week (DS2), and SS 2 times/week (SS2). [Methods] The subjects performed each stretching exercise regimen for 4 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the ranges of motion (ROM), finger floor distance (FFD), grip power, and knee extension power were measured, and the sideway jump iteration test (SJI), functional reach test (FRT), and standing on one foot with eyes closed test (SOF) were also performed. [Results] ROM of DS4 and DS2 improved at more joints than in SS2. The results of SJI, FRT and SOF in the DS4 and DS2 were better than those of SS2. FFD improved in all three groups, and the results of DS4 and DS2 were better than those of SS2. [Conclusion] The results suggest that DS is more effective at improving body flexibility, equilibrium function, and exercise performance than SS.
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  • Yumi OKAYAMA, Masaaki TSURUIKE, Shinichi DAIKUYA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 897-901
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To clarify the effect of dynamic stretching (DS), we compared the range of hip flexion, the peak torque of knee extension, and the characteristics of surface electromyography of the knee extensors between before and after DS. [Subjects] Twenty-three healthy men participated in this study. [Methods] The range of motion of hip flexion and the peak torque of knee extension were measured before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after DS. Surface electromyography was conducted at the same time as the peak torque measurement. [Results] The range of motion, the peak torque and the median power frequency (MdPF) significantly increased immediately after DS, and at 10 minutes after DS, compared with before DS. [Conclusion] The range of motion was increased by DS. With regard to the integrated electromyography, MdPF and scalogram showed no differences in the recruitment of motor units by DS, but the recruitment pattern of motor units qualitatively changed, being concentrated in a short time frame.
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  • Ayaka ONOZAKI, Miyako OGAWA, Sioto NITTA, Mizuki SATO, Masahiro SATAKE ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 903-907
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to define the relationships between accelerations of the X-axis (mediolateral), Y-axis (vertical) and Z-axis (anteroposterior) measured by a triaxial accelerometry system and the weight load calculated by a foot pressure measurement system. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 17 healthy college students (9 males, 7 females; mean age, 21.0 ± 0.1 years old). Subjects performed the 10-m walking test with triaxial accelerometry and a foot pressure measurement system. We analyzed the correlations between the accelerations and the weight loads on the dominant and non-dominant legs. Accelerations of the X, Y and Z axes were measured when the weight load was at its maximum. [Results] There were significant correlations between the accelerations of the Y and Z axes and the weight loads on both legs, but there was no significant correlation between the acceleration of the X-axis and the weight load. [Conclusion] This study found correlations between the accelerations of the Y and Z axes and weight load. The results of this study will be clinically useful for converting acceleration values into weight loads.
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  • Hideki ISHIKURA, Hidetoshi OCHIAI, Akio YAMAGUCHI, Tomohiro MATSUMOTO
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 909-911
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional therapy on orthostatic hypotension. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 10 haemodialysis outpatients. [Methods] Blood pressure measurements were taken during haemodialysis before the start of functional therapy (FT), and at 2 and 4 weeks after the start of FT. Functional therapy consisted of 20 min lower limb stretching and muscle strengthening exercises. [Results] Orthostatic hypotension had decreased at 4 weeks after the start of FT, but the decrease was not significant. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that functional therapy during haemodialysis improves autonomic nerve nervous disease and orthostatic hypotension.
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  • Noriko SUEYOSHI, Tamaki OHTA, Toshio MURAYAMA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 913-917
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] For the evaluation of the pull-up posture of classical ballet, X-ray photo images were used to try to verify spinal alignment change. [Subjects] Nine healthy adult females who had different ballet experience. [Methods] The spinal column X-rays were taken in the normal standing posture (NP), and the required ballet posture (BP). The evaluation of the spinal alignment was made by measuring the sacral inclination angle (SIA) and the lumbar lordosis angle (LLA). The angle made by the perpendicular line drawn toward the horizontal line of the top of the first lumbar vertebra (pull-up angle: PUA) was measured. The change in angle of SIA, LLA, and PUA were measured when the subjects moved from NP to BP. [Results] There was a difference between the subjects who adopted the proper pull-up posture and those who did not. [Conclusion] The pull-up posture depends on ballet experience, and our results suggest it is possible to evaluate the pull-up posture by measuring SIA, LLA, and PUA.
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  • Yasushi KURIHARA, Hajime ITO, Sumiko YAMAMOTO
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 919-923
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The foot model which consists of the hindfoot and the forefoot was used to determine the effect of gait speed on the movement of each part of the foot. [Subjects] Ten healthy male subjects participated in this study. [Methods] The subjects were instructed to walk at slow, preferred, and fast speeds. Their gait was measured by a 3D motion capture system and the relative angles of the hindfoot to the shank (HF/TB) and the forefoot to the hindfoot (FF/HF) were calculated. 3D angles and timing of the maximum angle in the stance phase were analyzed. [Results] As gait speed increased, the maximum plantarflexion angle of HF/TB and FF/HF increased, and the dorsiflexion of HF/TB occurred earlier in the stance phase. [Conclusion] Gait speed affects the degree of plantarflexion of the hindfoot and the forefoot, and the timing of the maximum dorsiflexion of the hindfoot.
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  • Hironori OHSUGI, Shigeki YOKOYAMA, Yoshihiro KAI, Katsuyuki MADOBA, Sh ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 925-928
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors affecting the mood-emotional state of students in two different models of clinical education using a questionnaire survey. [Subjects] Forty-five students (mean age: 19.3; SD, 0.5) who participated in practical clinical education involving examinations and measurements for two weeks. [Methods] We measured the mood-emotional state using the short version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF) and investigated the clinical education through a questionnaire. [Results] POMS-SF was correlated with relationships with clinical staff, and task effort. The multi education model showed significantly worse relationships with clinical staff than the single education model. [Conclusion] The results suggest that it is difficult to build relationships of trust with staff when using the multi education model.
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  • Masato MIGITA, Hitoshi MARUYAMA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 929-932
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] A prototype easy-fitting ankle-foot orthosis was made, and its fitting time and ease of use were compared with those of a conventional plastic orthosis and belt. [Subjects] Fifteen (6 males, 9 females) healthy adults were the subjects. [Methods] Fitting time was measured when subjects were directed to fit the orthosis “as quickly as possible,” and at a self-selected speed without direction, and two-way analysis of variance was conducted on the results. Ease of fitting was evaluated using the visual analog scale, and analyzed with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. [Results] For the fitting time, main effects of both the orthosis and speed were found. The prototype showed a significantly higher value for ease of use. [Conclusion] Based on both the objective and subjective assessments, the prototype can be said to be easy to use.
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  • Kazuhiko KOBAYASHI, Morihiro TSUJISITA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 933-937
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] Using the task of a transfer from wheelchair to bed, the relevance of an evaluation method assessing performance levels of the cared person based on the assistance was analyzed from the perspective of behavioral theory. [Subjects] A helper and a disabled elderly person with dementia at a nursing home. [Methods] Six performance levels were set based on the four-step assistance sequence performed by the helper. By graphically illustrating the assistance behavior every time the cared person performed unit behavior, chronological changes in the assistance were analyzed from the perspective of changes in the performance levels of the cared person. [Results] The performance process of the cared person showed a new performance level at each unit behavior. Thus, new information from a viewpoint different from that of the conventional activity of daily life evaluation method was obtained. [Conclusion] This evaluation method can provide information useful for determining the performance level of the cared person and the appropriate assistance to be provided by helpers.
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  • Kaito TAKAMORI, Maki MIZUGUCHI, Ayano HAYATA, Hirofumi WATANABE, Yoshi ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 939-943
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acupuncture stimulation physical therapy (ASPT) on hemiparetic cerebrovascular disease patients. [Subjects] The subjects were seven hemiparetic cerebrovascular disease patients. [Methods] The subjects’ received ASPT at syakutaku (LU5) for hypertonia of the thenar muscle on the affected side. The F-wave of the muscle was measured before and after the treatment and compared. [Results] The amplitude ratio of F/M was significantly decreased by ASPT immediately after, and 5, 10, and 15 min after ASPT compared to before ASPT. No significant differences were found in the frequency of the appearance of latency after ASPT. [Conclusion] The results suggest that ASPT, aiming to decrease muscle tension, inhibited the excitability of the spinal cord.
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  • Tomofumi UZAKI, Akira SAKAGUCHI, Kotaro KAWAGUCHI, Rui TSUKAGOSHI, Mas ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 945-949
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microcurrent electrical stimulation (MES) on the recovery of muscle contraction force after muscle damage. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 24 female Wistar rats, aged 10 weeks old. [Methods] A muscle contusion was inflicted on the left gastrocnemius muscle of all rats. After injury, the rats were divided into untreated normal recovery and MES-treated groups. MES was carried out for 30 min every day. The recovery of muscle contraction force was evaluated by measuring the ankle plantarflexion force between the 4th day and the 7th day after injury. [Results] On the 6th day after injury, the muscle contraction force of the MES-treated group was significantly higher than that of the untreated normal recovery group. [Conclusion] This result suggests that MES accelerates the recovery of muscle contraction force after muscle damage.
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  • Tomohiro WATANABE, Atsuhiro SAKO, Yuichiro FUJIHASHI
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 951-954
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] According to “Stroke Therapy Guidelines 2009,” standing and gait training for stroke patients using an orthosis is recommended from an early stage. This study investigated factors affecting the discharge destination and issues related to stroke patients for whom a lower limb orthosis was made. [Subjects] The subjects were 59 hemiplegic patients who were prescribed an orthosis while in a convalescence rehabilitation ward of our hospital between April 2013 and March 2014. [Methods] 24 patients were discharged to home, and 35 patients were discharged to another institution. The hospitalization period, FIM items of mobility, motor and cognitive functions, and total FIM item score at admission, and SIAS improvements (discharge score - admission score) of the hip, knee and ankle joints were compared between the two groups. [Results] The discharge to home group had significantly shorter hospitalization, better FIM mobility and total FIM item scores at both admission and discharge, and greater SIAS hip, knee, and ankle improvements than the group that was not discharged to home. [Conclusion] Our results show the patients discharged to home had comparatively less severe paralysis, whereas many among those not discharged to home were severe cases, indicating the importance of examining the methods of orthosis-use training for living activities.
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  • Yuki SANO, Shunji SAWA, Toru SUGIURA, Keisuke KIMURA, Takafumi MATSUMO ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 955-959
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To investigate the utility of using a behavior observation scale in combination with a cognitive scale in a convalescence rehabilitation ward. [Subjects] Sixty inpatients in the convalescence rehabilitation wards of our hospital. [Methods] The behavior observation NM scale was used to divide the subjects into 4 levels of dementia severity. Then, the MMSE and NM scale at admission of each group was compared, and their associations determined. [Results] For the group with severe dementia, the MMSE assessment was unsatisfactory due to aphasia and depressive tendencies; however, a significant difference was found for the NM scale. In addition, for the groups with mild and moderate dementia, the correlation was low. [Conclusion] Because the reliability of a single assessment is poor, and cognitive assessment is affected by aphasia and depressive tendencies, a behavior observation scale which observes and assesses patients’ daily living activities is more useful.
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  • Yuichi HONDA, Eiichi SAKAKI, Hisayoshi YOSHIZUKA, Yasushi NAGAO
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 961-965
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] To clarify the changes in the activities of muscles involved in a strategy for leg-length discrepancy, focusing on equinus gait. [Subjects] The subjects were 10 healthy persons with no leg length discrepancy. [Methods] To artificially create leg-length discrepancy gait, a wedge was placed under the sole of one foot, and surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure the activities of the lower limb muscles thought to be involved in equinus gait, and the results were compared with normal gait. [Results] A significant increase in the activity of the tibialis anterior was seen at a wedge thickness of 3 cm, and significant increases in the activities of the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius were seen at a wedge thickness of 4 cm. [Conclusion] Hyperkinesia was found in the muscles considered to be involved in equinus gait resulting from leg-length discrepancy. This gait change and the possible occurrence of additional functional disorders would benefit from physical therapy interventions for leg-length discrepancy.
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  • Masato MIGITA, Hitoshi MARUYAMA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 967-971
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] A prototype easy-fitting ankle-foot orthosis (EF-AFO) was constructed and its fitting time was compared with two types of existing orthoses to investigate whether or not it was easy to put on. [Subjects] The subjects were 21 healthy adults (13 males, 8 females). [Methods] The two measured items were the times taken to secure the ankle belt, and the 3 belts securing the ankle, lower leg, and instep. In addition, after the measurements, a paper questionnaire was used to evaluate ease of affixation, external appearance, heaviness, and fixation, for each of the three types of orthosis, on a 4-point scale; ease of affixation was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). [Results] There was no significant difference between the fitting times of the EF-AFO and the easy-ring plastic AFO, but in the comparison with the conventional plastic AFO with a belt, the EF-AFO could be fitted faster. There were no significant differences among the AFOs, according to the results of the paper questionnaire; however, the VAS value showed the prototype EF-AFO was difficult to put on. [Conclusion] The prototype EF-AFO had a shorter fitting time than the conventional plastic AFO with a belt, but according to the subjective assessment, it wasn’t easy to put on.
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  • Sho IKEDA, Kensuke MATSUDA, Takurou IKEDA, Yoshiharu NAGAI, Masami NAK ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 973-976
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the functional gait reserve and life space assessment (LSA) score in the prediction of falls. [Subjects] The subjects were 36 elderly women participating in a second preventive project. [Methods] Assessment tools for measurement were selected based on motor function, coefficient of variation of stride time (STcv), motor function, movement ability, balance, and the modified falls efficacy scale and LSA scores. In univariate analysis, stride time variability was found to be significantly greater for fallers than for non-fallers. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine factors of falls. The cut-off value and the area under the curve were determined from the receiver operating characteristic curve. [Results] Significant differences were observed between the falls group and no-falls group in STcv, functional gait reserve, and LSA scores. Functional gait reserve was not recognized as fall assessment tool, but a correlation between functional gait reserve and the LSA score was found. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that functional gait reserve is not a useful assessment tool for predicting falls. However, functional gait reserve used together with the LSA score, could possibly be used as a supplementary measure of motor function.
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  • Kensuke MATSUDA, Ryutarou MUNAKATA, Shou IKEDA, Masami NAKAHARA, Yoshi ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 977-980
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors resulting in low scores in the life space assessment (LSA). [Subjects] The subjects were 30 elderly persons receiving secondary care prevention. [Methods] The subjects were divided into two groups: a LSA high-scoring group, and a LSA low-scoring group. Each of the evaluation values were examined for significant differences using Student’s t-test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors resulting in low scores in the LSA. [Results] Significant differences were observed between the LSA high-scoring group and the low-scoring group in 4 evaluation items. Logistic regression analysis showed the modified falls efficacy Scale (MFES) score was significantly associated with low scores in the LSA. The MFES score showed the relevance of knee extension strength, TUG, the coefficient of variation of stride time, and local stability of trunk acceleration (vertical direction). [Conclusion] Falls self-efficacy showed the relevance of knee extension strength, ability to move, and instability during walking, suggesting that falls self-efficacy was a factor of low scores in the LSA.
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  • Shinsuke IMAOKA, Etsuro MATUBARA
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 981-985
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to determine the dynamics of cerebrovascular blood flows resulting from postural adjustments made by cerebrovascular disease (CVD) patients. [Subjects and Methods] The blood flow dynamics of 20 CVD patients and 20 healthy adults were measured during one-leg standing using NIRS, and the changes in oxyhemoglobin concentrations were analyzed. [Results] The activation of the dorsal prefrontal cortex and the region of the primary motor cortex was poor with a tendency of sudden rises and falls in the CVD patients, whereas it was maintained at a fixed level in the healthy adults. [Conclusion] NIRS is an effective tool for assessing the postural adjustments made by CVD patients, and there is a possibility it will be of help in the prognosis of rehabilitation interventions and the identification of balance disorders.
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  • Yoshitake HIRANO, Takeshi HAYASHI, Osamu NITTA, Daisuke NISHIO, Tomoya ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 987-991
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of age on the clinical course of severely hemiplegic patients. [Subjects and Methods] Among stroke patients admitted to our rehabilitation hospital, those with first attack and severe hemiplegia in the lower extremity were included in this study. We divided them based on age at admission into two groups: the non-elderly group (n=28), and the elderly group (n=18). We compared background factors, cognitive function, neurological symptoms, physical function, ambulation ability, activities of daily living (ADL), and destination both at admission and discharge. [Results] No differences were observed in the background factors, cognitive function, neurological symptom, physical function, ambulation ability, activities of daily living (ADL) at admission, or the length of stay and destination. On the other hand, trunk ability, ambulation ability, and ADL of the non-elderly group were higher than those of the elderly group at discharge. [Conclusion] Elderly patients tend to have a worse prognosis even when the severity of stroke is comparable with non-elderly patients.
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  • Naoki AKIYOSHI, Sumiko YAMAMOTO
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 993-998
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] This research investigated the influence of step length and step direction on the anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) associated with rapid stepping initiation. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-one young adults initiated stepping with their preferred limb at a fast pace. Eight experimental conditions comprising combinations of 4 directions (straight ahead; 0, 30, 60 and 90°) and 2 step lengths (short, 20% of body height; and long, 40% of body height) were used. Temporal and kinetic variables during the APA phase (from the initiation of COP displacement to heel-off of the swing limb) of step were measured using a 3D motion capture system. [Results] During the APA phase, both peaks of lateral and posterior shifts of COP decreased from 0 to 90°. [Conclusion] This finding suggests that the APA generated the precise amount of force to initiate stepping in the appropriate direction for the intended step length.
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INTRODUCTION
  • Takeshi NAKAHIRA, Hisao OCHI, Koichi IMAI, Hiroki KASAHARA, Kazue SOUN ...
    2015 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 999-1003
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    [Purpose] The purpose of this research was to clarify students’ ability to understand patients’ needs in a medical interview, and to investigate the learning method. [Subjects] The subjects were 15 second-year physical therapy students. [Methods] Using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination, the contents of a medical interview were divided into five elements: introduction, chief complaint, current ADL, past ADL, and demands. The time spent on each was measured and calculated as a ratio of the whole. We analyzed the scope and intent of questions about future daily living. [Results] The time required for the entire medical interview averaged 10.8 minutes. All 15 students conducted the interview covering the five elements, and the ratio of the time spent on current ADL was large. The questioning focused on future daily living and work, and confirmation of information obtained in advance was the main objective. [Conclusion] Formally carrying out a medical interview is a standard objective of school education, and in order for students to master the ability to understand individual patients’ needs, it is important for them to learn through the experience of clinical practice.
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