Japanese Journal of Limnology (Rikusuigaku Zasshi)
Online ISSN : 1882-4897
Print ISSN : 0021-5104
ISSN-L : 0021-5104
Volume 42, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • Yoshinari KOBUKE
    1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 189-200
    Published: October 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The distribution of anionic surfactants determined as MBAS in the river and sea waters of Hyogo Pref. was investigated by the methylene blue routine method corrected for the interference of photosynthetic pigments of phytoplankton.
    MBAS concentration in the river waters was higher in the coastal areas of Osaka Bay and Harima Nada where the population and the industry were centralized, and concentrations greater than 1 mg·l-1 were observed, especially in smaller rivers. In the sea waters of Osaka Bay and Harima Nada, the high concentration of MBAS was found near the northern coasts where a high concentration of MBAS was observed in the river waters. These facts suggest that the anionic surfactant pollution of the river and sea waters is due largely to the domestic and industrial effluents, The annual loadings of anionic surfactant as MBAS were estimated by statistical data to be about 11, 000 tons per year, 37% from the industry and the rest from domestic waste.
    Moreover, because of the good correlations between MBAS and various forms of phosphorus it is presumed that detergents including condensed phosphates as a builder may cause the increase in phosphorus concentration in the river waters.
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  • Machiko NISHINO
    1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 201-219
    Published: October 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The concept of'brood habit'recently proposed has been introduced in the examination of two subspecies of Paratya compressa. The pattern of brood habit within a population in compressa shows that egg size, relative brood size (RBS) and relative brood weight (RBW) remain almost similar regardless of body size, whereas in a population of improvisa egg size and RBW slightly increase with body size and RBS remains constant.The remarkable feature in brood habit among populations of the subspecies compressa is the presence of two distinct population groups that exhibit a varying series separately for mean egg size, mean RBS and mean brood size in relation to mean female body size, and the subspecies improvisa is included at the remote end of one series. The validity of these subspecies is doubted, by taking into account their distributional and morphological features as well, and two forms, improvisa-compressa complex (large-egg form) and the part of compressa (small-egg form) are shown recognizable. A geographical trend is noticeable in the variation of brood habit for each form, that can be considered as related to the adaptive strategy of increasing egg and body size near the border of species distribution range.
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  • Katsuji MATSUNAGA
    1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 220-229
    Published: October 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Changes in the concentrations of inorganic nutrients, dissolved oxygen and phytaplanktonic organic materials were determined during the course of decompositive processes of phytoplankton in vitro in order to clarify the recycling of organic matter elements in natural waters.
    Phytoplanktonic organic materials were degraded biologically with consumption of oxygen, production of carbon dioxide and regeneration of inorganic nutrients. The atomic ratio of these elements was estimated, although an initial lag-phase was observed for the change in concentrations of ammonium nitrogen as well as phosphate phosphorus.
    The kinetic considerations indicated that the mechanism of the decomposition of phytoplanktonic organic materials depended on the quality of organic constituents used as a substrate for the biological utilization. The decompositive process consisted of two reaction steps, a rapid step during the first two weeks and a slow one occurring thereafter. Each of the reactions was a first-order reaction as reported by several workers. The reaction rate constants of each of the organic constituents were determined in both steps.
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  • Yoshio OGAWA, Shun-ei ICHIMURA
    1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 230-237
    Published: October 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In situ growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Oscillatoria mougeotii were studied in the metalimnetic layer of a small eutrophic lake. Population growth of O.maugeotii showed a logistic curve and the mean increase rate of population was 0.086 (day-1). Photosynthesis of individual species in the natural phytoplankton community was measured by grain density autoradiography. The photosynthetic nature of O.mougeotii represented by the light-photosynthesis curve was a shade type with a steeper initial slope and a low maximum photosynthetic rate.The growth curve of O. mougeotii estimated by a model using the light-photosynthesis curve and light conditions coincided fairly well with the observed curve. Thus it was concluded that the population development of O. mougeotii in the metalimnion would be mainly due to the in situ photosynthetic growth.
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  • Hideo KUBOTA
    1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 238-245
    Published: October 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fossil diatoms found in seven boring care samples from the bottom of Lake Suwa were investigated. In these samples, 25 genera, 61 species and 22 varieties, including unidentified 3 taxa were found. The composition of the species in samples 1 to 7 and sample 8 of surface mud was almost the same, and Melosira granulata, Melosira japonica, Cyclotella comta, and Fragilaria construens appeared to be dominant. The frequency of Melosira granulata in the current deposit was found to be notably decreasing compared to that in the old deposits. However, whether or not this was caused by the progress of pollution must be studied in detail in the future.
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  • Fumio HIMENO, Akira OTSUKI, Masayuki TAKAHASHI, Hiroaki SHIRAISHI
    1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 246-249
    Published: October 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The reverse osmosis for concentration of dissolved organic matter in lake water has been examined.Recovery of dissolved organic matter as organic carbon was determined using glucose, saccharose, glycine, glycyl glycylglycine, sodium acetate, and disodium EDTA. The results suggested that dissolved organic matter having a molecular weight of more than 200 may be effectively concentrated with recovery of more than 90% when about 10-liter samples are reduced to one-fifth at 6kg/cm2 for 40 to 54 minutes.
    When 20 to 50l of lake water samples, which were taken in Lake Kasumigaura during spring to summer and passed through a Whatman GF/C glass fiber filter, were reduced to 1.5to 2 l, 63 to 93% of the dissolved organic matter were recovered as organic carbon.
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  • Kenji KATO, Mitsuru SAKAMOTO
    1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 250-253
    Published: October 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A pattern of diurnal change in microbial 14C-glucose uptake (net assimilation+mineralization) was observed in the epilimnion in Lake Kizaki, a typical mesotrophic lake. The highest uptake rate was found in the morning or noon and the rate decreased toward evening. During the nocturnal period the glucose uptake increased with time, and most of this increase was due to net assimilation.
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  • Yasuhiro SATOH, Takahisa HANYA
    1981 Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 254-258
    Published: October 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Urea in waters collected from a central water column of Lake Yunoko was determined from July of 1971 to April of 1972. The annual minimum of the urea standing stack in the central water column was 3.75 mg-at-N·m-2 in November of 1971. The annual maximum was 61.0mg-at-N·m-2 in ice-covered March of 1972. Three depth profiles of urea out of six appeared to be nutrient types with depression of urea in the traphogenic layer, but increase in the tropholytic layer. In these cases, photosynthetic activities might regulate the urea depth profile. The ratios of urea-N/TIN (total inorganic nitrogen) suggest that urea was a major constituent of nitrogenous nutrients in ice-covered March, but a minor component throughout the rest of the year. Allochthonous urea, which originated from waste water treatment, seems to have been an important source of urea in water of Lake Yunoko.
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