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Volume 43, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Fumi TADA, Haruyo Doi, Noriko KAWAGUCHI, Junzo SUZUKI, Shizuo SUZUKI1982 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 225-229
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to separate the different forms of heavy metals contained in bottom mud of urban and mining rivers, fractionation of metals by chemical extractants was carried out. Heavy metals were fractionated by successive extraction with 2N-CH3COONH4, 0.1M-EDTA and 0.5N-HC1, and by decomposition with HNO3-H2O2. The lattice-held metals, which were separated by HNO3-H2O2 decomposition, were 70-80% of the total in the bottom mud receiving waste water from mining industry, suggesting that the most of these metals were composed of ore minerals. On the other hand, the fraction of HNO3-H2O2 was only 20-30% in urban rivers receiving industrial or municipal waste water. The major fractions of the heavy metals were separated with 2N-CH3COONH4 or 0.1M-EDTA. It was suggested that large parts of Cd, Zn, and Cu in the mud of urban rivers bind weakly with clay or organic matter and Pb binds more strongly with organic matter.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K) -
Tomiko ITO1982 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 230-236
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on the analysis of the surface layer (0-3cm) of bottom sediments at the deepest points of 10 lakes in Hokkaido and on the data by other investigators on the organic matter of 10 other Japanese lakes, the relationship between morphometric features and organic matter contents of bottom sediments of lakes was investigated. Concentrations of total nitrogen, organic carbon and ignition loss of the bottom sediments were reversely correlated with the common logarithms of maximum depths in deep (over 30 m in maximum depth) natural lakes. The concentration of organic matter was also related with the ratio of the length of shore line to area except for artificially polluted lakes, man-made lakes, and very large or small lakes. Hence, organic matter of bottom sediments was suggested to be primarily influenced by the morphometric features of lakes. Organic matter of bottom sediments at the deepest points of 20 Japanese lakes consisted of total nitrogen 0.07-0.81%, organic carbon 0.21-7.05% and ignition loss 6-24%.View full abstractDownload PDF (928K) -
Toshiharu WATANABE, Ikuko YASUDA1982 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 237-245
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiatom taxa occurring in freshwater with low pH values were classified into the following two categories according to their tolerance of increasing acidity (Table 2).
1) Extremely tolerant taxa-They are often dominant in the freshwater below 5.5 in pH value.
2) Tolerant taxa-These taxa occur in water below 6.0 in pH value, but are not dominant in the water below 5.5 in pH value.
The value computed from the following formula was proposed as a new biotic index based on diatom assemblage in lacustrine sediments for the water acidity in average. The formula is
DIA=_??_
where DIA is the diatoms in ex for the water acidity, _??_ is the total of the relative abundances of all extremely tolerant taxa in the sample, _??_ Tj that of all tolerant taxa.
The values of DIA as calculated from the formula by means of the diatom assemblages in lacustrine sediments of four small lakes in Shiga Highland (Table 3) tended to show a clear relationship with the average pH value in each lake water (Table 1).View full abstractDownload PDF (1269K) -
Part 1. Physicochemical Factors and PlanktonEiichi TOYAMA1982 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 246-253
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe physicochemical conditions and the species composition of plankton in Fukuji Reservoir on Okinawa Island, which has a subtropical climate, were investigated for about a year-long period covering the main seasons from June 1980 to February 1981.
In the summer thermal stratification was markedly developed, but was not observed in winter. The water temperature was considered to form the various limnological characteristics in the reservoir. With respect to plankton, 17 genera and 38 taxa were recorded from the fixed station. Green algae were the most abundant plankton in the summer, and diatoms developed profusely in the winter. The zooplankton were surprisingly few in both number and species during the winter. The development of plankton in the summer was found to he associated with the abundance of inorganic nutrients such as NH4+ and PO43-. According to Hutchinson's classification, the Fukuji Reservoir seems to fall into the plankton group X (mesotrophic or eutrophic desmids).View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
A Comparison between Shallow and Deep Groundwaters.Yuzuru KUSAKA, Yo FUKUI, Haruo TSUJI, Yuzo TAMARI, Yoshinao FUJIWARA1982 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 254-262
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Kobe Neogelle strata., which have been considered to be Iake scdimellts produced during ca. 1.4×107 years ago, are widely distributed in the Sanda basin situated on the north or north-western sides of the Rokko mountains. In the broundwaters collected from 42 shallow domestic wells used for living and from 19 deep wells bored in golf links, the concentrations of 24 dissolved species were determined by chemical analyses and those of g other species by neutron activation analyses. Seasonal fluctuations of the concentration of major dissolved species in the groundwaters and the differences in the chemical compositions between the shallow and deep ones were studied. Based on the overall analytical results of the species in the groundwaters, it was corleluded that ion exchangereactions by clay minerals in the strata contribute to the chemical Compositlons of groundwaters from the strata. This contributioll is more remarkable in the deep grounclwaters than the shallow ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (1096K) -
Masayuki SETO, Masahiro NODA1982 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 263-271
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aerobic growth of a baderium (Psmdomoms aeruginosa) in a carbon-limited medium was studied from an ecological viewpoint with special reference to the effect of the medium pH.
(1) Ps. aeruginosa was cultured at pH 7.2 in a glucose-limited medium (glucose-C, 300 mg·l-1; culture temperature, 25°C; osmotic pressure, 2.9 bar). The specific growth rate was 0.44·hr-1 at the exponential phase. The efficiency of biomass production (biomass-C produced/glucose-C consumed) was 0.48 in the early stage of the stationary phase. The balance of carbon at this stage was as follows; 48% of the glucose-C consumed was produced as biomass-C, 7% was excreted as metabolite-C and 45% was respired as CO2-C.
(2) Ps, aeruginosa was cultured at pH between 3.5 and 9.7 in the glucose-limited medium. The specific growth rates at pH between 6.2 and 7.6, and the efficiencies of biomass production and the balances of carbon between 5.6 and 8.2 were almost constant, showing the same values as those mentioned above. At pH above or below these ranges, the rate and the efficiency decreased, and the respired CO2-C increased with some increases in metabolite-C. Biomass production was not observed at pH 3.8 or 9.4, although some glucose consumption was observed.
(3) The constant efficiency of the biomass production at between pH 5.6 and 8.2 suggests that intracellular pH might be maintained by an energy-independent process in this pH range, On the contrary, the decrease in the efficiency above ar below this pH range indicates that intracellular pH might be maintained by an energy-dependent process.
(4) The pH range, in which either constant efficiency of biomass production or specific growth rate at 25°C was observed, decreased when culture temperature decreased (15°C) or increased (37°C). On the contrary, this pH range increased when a mixed substrate was added or a mixed bacterial population was cultured.View full abstractDownload PDF (1418K) -
Shyu NAKAYA, Akira GOTO1982 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 272-274
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComplexing capacity of waters of Iwaki River, Aomori Pref. was determined Using SASAKI'S method (1978).This method consists of the dissolution of equivalent copper (II) oxide with chelating agents to be determined and the subsequent spectrophotometry of dissolved copper (II) with sodium diethyl-dithiocarbarnate (Na·DDTC).
Complexing capacity of river waters increased from the upper to the lower reaches of Iwaki River, and concentrations from 0.3×10-7 to 7.1×10-7M for non-filtered samples were observed. But the concentrations for filtered samples by nuclepore filter (pare size : 0.4μm) were comparatively constant. These findings suggested that complexing capacity of river waters resulted from the wastewater pollutants, especially the suspended or particulate matters larger than 0.4μm. However, whether these matters are the origin must be studied in detail in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (344K) -
Shigeo KONDO, Tatsuo SUZUKI1982 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 275-279
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChironomidae were collected in August 1981 from the littoral areas of twenty reservoirs in Nagoya City district and suburbs. These were divided into three areas; Southeast, East and Northeast. Chironomid midges obtained were classified into three sub-families, twenty genera, thirty-seven species and two groups. From the species composition of chironomid communities, the twenty reservoirs were broadly divided into two areas; I (Nagoya City and Southeastern suburbs) and II (Eastern and Northeastern suburbs). The Chironomus species were abundantly obtained from the reservoirs of Nagoya City district, in which Chironomus tainanus was most frequently collected. Glyptotendipes glaucus and Dicrotendipes niveicauda were also conspicuous. Polypedilum nubifer was common in the reservoirs of the three suburban districts, while Tanytarsus was predominant in the major reservoirs of all districts. Demeijerea sp. Pentaneura monilis and Procladius were frequently found in the reservoirs of the Eastern and of the Northeastern suburban districts. Lauterborniella varipennis and Polypedilum prolixitarum, on the other hand, were abundant in a dystrophic reservoir located in the Northeastern suburban district.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
Michiro MATSUYAMA1982 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 280-284
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn May 1982, a dense community of ciliates of the Trachelocercidae family was found at the mid-depth of Lake Kaiike, where the bacterial population was also so dense that the water turned pinkish (bacterial plate). The maximum density of these ciliates, about 3×104 ind.·l-1, may be one of the highest densities ever found in natural unpolluted waters.View full abstractDownload PDF (3405K)
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