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Volume 44, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Hisayoshi TERAI, Takahito YOSHIOKA1983 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 81-92
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix antisera were prepared against 6 denitrifying bacteria isolated from Lake Kizaki (classified into 2 strains of the Pseudomonas fluorescent group, 2 of the Pseudomonas achromogenic group, 1 of the Pseudomonas group producing no acid and 1 of the Alcaligenes-Achromobacter group).
Using both serological agglutinate reaction and immunofluorescent staining method, 60 isolates and 194 enrichment culture tubes for the MPN estimate of denitrifiers were tested for serological identity with each of the antigen denitrifiers. Fifteen strains among 60 isolates and denitrifiers in 25 tubes among 194 MPN counting tubes were identical to one or another of the 6 antigen denitrifiers. Seasonal and vertical distributions of these 40 identified denitrifying bacteria in the lake were described.
Homologues of two strains of denitrifiers were most frequently found in L. Kizaki (68% or 27/40). One of them (Strain B-8, belonging to Pseudomonas fluorescent group) was found only in the circulation period or in the water layer where the dissolved oxygen concentration was about 10 mg·l-1. The other (Strain B-3, belonging to Pseudomonas achromogenic group) was found only in the stratification period or in the water layer where the dissolved oxygen concentration was above 5 mg·l-1.
The fact that both homologues identical to B-3 or B-8 were found in oxic layers suggests that these denitrifiers might grow by aerobic respiration rather than denitrification because of the oxidative nature of their metabolism. However, from the standpoint of denitrifying activity, it is noteworthy that the only exception to the known distribution of these denitrifiers was found in the anoxic hypolimnion in November where many different denitrifiers were found.View full abstractDownload PDF (3244K) -
I. Changes in Abundance and Composition of RotifersAnna HILLBRICHT-ILKOWSKA1983 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 93-106
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe density of Planktonic rotifers in Lake Biwa was 100-3, 000 ind.·l-1 from September to December, 1980. This level is remarkably higher than that reported by YAMAMOTO (1967, 1968) who noted no more than 10-600 ind.·l-1, although the northern basin (LBN) has been, in general, regarded as having lower values than the southern basin (LBS). An increase in population density was observed in the following species :
1) Small and fine particle feeders like Keratella cochlearis, Collotheca pelagica, Brachionus species group and K. quadrata and
2) graspers such as Polyarthra vulgaris and P. dolichoptera. The long-term changes may well be evidence for the accelerated eutrophication of Lake Biwa. The actual trophic difference between both basins is reflected in 1) greater abundance of rotifers (maximum value =3, 000 ind.·l-1); 2) greater contribution of K. cochlearis (esp. f. tecta=50%); and 3) higher Trophic State Index (75) in the LBS; on the contrary, corresponding values were 300 ind.·l-1, f. tecta=1% and TSI=46, respectively, in the LBN. During the autumnal shift of the blooms from green algae to diatoms coupled with the autumnal cooling of the water there was a succession of dominant species with food selection of different size particles : K. cochlearis, Polyarthra spp. K. quadrata. In November, a considerable increase in the number of K. cochlearis f. tecta was recognized.View full abstractDownload PDF (2041K) -
II. Changes in Fecundity and Turnover Time of the Dominant SpeciesAnna HILLBRICHT-ILKOWSKA1983 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 107-115
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe egg-female ratio, i.e. the ratio of the numbers of amictic eggs to the number of females was analysed for the dominant species, Keratella cochlearis, K. quadrata and Polyarthra vulgaris together with P. dolichoptera from September to December 1980 at six stations in the southern part of Lake Biwa. Irrespective of the decrease in water temperature from about 26°C in September to about 6°C in December, there was a considerable increase in the fecundity of these species in November. It was probably the effect of the temporal improvement of the food conditions, i.e., the increased detritus particles and nanoplanktonic algae. The birth rates were calculated as well as the tentative number of parthenogentic generations for each sampling interval and for the whole sampling period; it ranged from 15 to 29 generations for K. cochlearis, 12-30 for P. dolichoptera and P. vulgaris, and 2-12 for K. quadrata, varying for each stations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1136K) -
Shuji HINO, Kazuo ANDO1983 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 116-122
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSediment water extract of Lake Barato increased the final yield of green algae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus bijuga. The water extract was separated by Sephadex G-15 column chromatography. The fraction giving the maximum algal yield contained protein, sugars, purine, and pyrimidine, which increased 2.1-fold the yield of C. pyrenoidosa and 1.6-fold the yield of S. bijuga. Authentic organic compounds, purine, pyrimidine, proteins and sugars, were evaluated by addition to the inorganic algal media. Metals in the sediment extract had only a minor effect on the algal yield. It was suggested that some organic compounds in the sediment increased the green algal yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Norito WATANABE, Yutaka YASUDA, Kunio KATO, Tetsuo NAKAMURA, Kohei SHI ...1983 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 123-131
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to distinguish whether heavy metal contents originate from a rock matrix or pollution, six different extraction techniques for copper, lead and cadmium were studied in Nagara River sediments in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The extraction agents were hydrochloric-nitric acid mixture (1+1), 3N hydrochloric acid solution, 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution, 6M formic acid solution, 1N hydroxylamine hydrochloride plus 25% acetic acid solution and 0.05N ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution.
The comparison of the six extraction techniques was conducted on the basis of the heavy metal contents originating from pollution, which was estimated by subtracting background values from total contents. For copper, 3N hydrochloric acid is preferable, but in sediments with poor ignition loss, 0.5N hydrochloric acid and 6M formic acid are recommended. 1N hydroxylamine hydrochloride plus 25% acetic acid is suitable for lead and cadmium.View full abstractDownload PDF (975K) -
Yasushi KITANO, Seisuke NAKAMURA1983 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 132-138
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNatural waters in the Kinasa landslide area (Nagano Prefecture) were analyzed. The analytical results indicate that rocks are weathered chemically by H2CO3 and H2SO4 underground and silicate minerals are changing to clay minerals. The concentration of HCO3- plus SO42- (meq·l-1) possibly indicates the extent of the chemical weathering and clay formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Noriko TAKAMURA, Toshio IWAKUMA, Masayuki YASUNO1983 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 139-141
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method to collect unialgal Microcystis was devised considering the buoyancy of blue-green algae. A set of cylindrical bottles (53.3mmφ×250mm high) with a nylon net cover (3×3mm) placed upside down in a wire cage was suspended in lake water for several days. The amount of Microcystis as chlorophyll a collected by this method in August 1982 in Lake Kasumigaura was 1088.2μg·bottle-1 in one day, which was approximately 10 times higher than that in lake water.View full abstractDownload PDF (1782K) -
Ken'ichi SATAKE1983 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 142-144
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (360K) -
Masahiro UCHIYAMA1983 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 145-148
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlkylbenzenesulfonates (ABS) in water were determined by the fluorometric method. ABS in water were extracted by chloroform as methylene blue complexes. After removing methylene blue from the chloroform layer by the extraction with conc. hydrochloric acid, the ABS in the chloroform layer were extracted by water. The water phases were used for the determination of ABS by fluorometry. The wave length of excitation and emission was 235 and 295nm, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K)
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