臨床血液
Online ISSN : 1882-0824
Print ISSN : 0485-1439
ISSN-L : 0485-1439
13 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
第12回総会
会長講演
特別講演
宿題講演I
宿題講演II
  • 粟屋 和彦
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 131-149
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    The purpose of this paper is to describe the cytodynamics of lymphocytes in the adrenalectomized, gonadectomized, Steroid hormone treated and protein deficient animal. Wistar strain rats, C57BL, Strong A and CF#1 mice, of both sexes, at various ages, were used in this study. The relative weight and total number of nucleated cells in the thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen was estimated by the method described previously15) 16). The content of Feulgen-DNA and fast green-histone in lymphocytes was determined by micro-spectrophotometry17)∼22). Light and electron microscopic observations were also made on lymphoid organs, lymphocytes in particular.
    1. Lymphoid hyperplasia in adrenalectomized and gonadectomized animals.
    The increase in the relative weight and number of nucleated cells in the lymphoid organs following the operations was expressed as hyperplasia or regeneration of these organs.
    Adrenalectomy. A marked hyperplasia of lymphoid organs was observed in male rats adrenalectomized at 30 days of age (Fig.1). only a slight hyperplasia, however, occurred in rats of both sexes adrenalectomized at 60 days of age (Fig.1). In 17 month-old female rats a remarkable regeneration of thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes was observed 12 to 15 days following adrenalectomy. In particular, the quantitative and histological findings of these thymus were much the same as those of young normal animals of 6∼8 months of age (Fig.2 ; Photos. 1, 2). In young mice, a slight hyperplasia was found in lymphoid organs following adrenalectomy. In senile female mice of 14∼22 months of age, adrenalectomy induced a marked regeneration of lymphoid organs (Table 1).
    Gonadectomy. The effects of gonadectomy on lymphoid organs were observed in CF#1 and C57BL mice of both sexes at various ages according to the schedule as shown in Fig.3 and Table 2. Thymus hyperplasia occurred after gonadectomy in young mice of both strains (Fig.3). However a remarkable hyperplasia of other lymphoid organs was not observed. In CF#1 mice, the degree of hyperplasia of the thymus after gonadectomy was greater in the males than in the females, but such a sex difference was not seen in C57BL mice. In C57BL mice, the thymus following gonadectomy at 7 days of age being compared with that at 21 days of age, the enlargement of the thymus is more prominent in the former. However, such a difference did not occur in CF#1 mice. Senile mice of both sexes at 18 months of age were subjected to gonadectom yand autopsied 14 to 30 days after the operation. The striking enlargement and regeneration of the thymus was also observed in these animals (Table 2 ; Photos. 3, 4) , but in the other lymphoid organs the regeneration was not so pronounced.
シンポジウムI 消耗性凝固障害
  • 松岡 松三
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 151-156
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Investigations were conducted on th changes of contact factor activity
    (1) by the administration of tissue thromboplastin, bacterial endotoxin, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids intravenously to rabbits, (2) by the administration of either animal fat or vegitable fat to normal fasting people in the early morning. Furthermore, in vitro, the differences of the activation of the contact factor by the different fatty acids were examined.
    The results were:
    (1) Following the infusion of either tissue thromboplastin or bacterial endotoxin to rabbits, the activated form of contact factor increased in pararell with the shortening of silicone PTT.
    (2) Following the infusion of long-chain fatty acid to rabbits, only saturated fatty acid initiated contact factor activation.
    (3) Following the administration of animal fat to normal person, long-chain fatty acid was increased and he contact factor was activated.
    (4) In the in vitro experiment, the long-chain fatty acid produced a remerkable activation of the contact factor.
    Conclusion:
    It was concluded that tissue thromboplastin, bacterial endotoxin and the long-chain saturated fatty acid act as the triggers in the initial stage of intravascular coagulation syndrome by activating contact factor.
  • 森口 尊文
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 157-166
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    A present trend to counter the consumption coagulopathy seems to be, more or less, deviated under the influence of the “a priori” concept that the fibrinolysis in such case will be a protective response of the body. Fact is, however, the concept has been enough proved neither clinically nor experimentally. This investigation, approaching the problem using the experimental animals, were carried out with the co-workers of the author and the following results obtained suggest that the older concept is urged to be re-considered.
    The injection of thrombin into the renal artery which forms transiently the renal thrombi resulted in the decrease of the tissue plasminogen activator of the organ and also the increase of the activator of the blood obtained from the renal vein. These results imply that local activation of the fibrinolysis, favoring the removal of the local thrombi, does not necessarily accompany with the activation of the systemic fibrinolysis of the body. Another series of the experiments were made in such experimental conditions of the systemic circulatory blood as i) hyper-coagulability, ii) hyper-fibrinolysis, iii) hypercoagulability plus hyper-fibrinolysis. The grade of accerelation of these functions was adequately controlled. The overwhole picture of those results indicats that the hyper-fibrinolysis in the systemic blood can be “hazard” even in the animals suffering from the troubles caused by the hyper-coagulability. Thus it isconcluded that the clinical significance of hyperfibrinolysis in the systemic blood shouldbe clearly considered when compared with the local hyperfibrinolysis which may be favorable to the body. The further additional studies on the behavior of FDP with various conditions support a therapeutic principle that the systemic hyper-fibrinolysis associated with the consumption coagulopathy is to be treated with some combination of anti-coagulants and antifibrinolytic agents.
  • 前川 正, 鈴木 芳郎, 小林 紀夫, 伊藤 琢夫
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 167-176
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Normal saline solution containing 2 units of thrombin per ml was infused intravenously to the rabbits, weighing 2∼3 kg, at a rate of 30 ml/kg/hour over 3—6 hours and changes in platelet counts and activities of various clotting factors in the rabbits were followed up till 5th day after the infusion. In some of the rabbits, 131I-labeled autologous fibrinogen was infused 44 hours prior to or 24 hours after the 3 hours' infusion of the thrombin solution. Tracer data of plasma fibrinogen fraction were analysed using the method described by Atencio. Production rate of plasma fibrinogen was estimated by 75Se-methionine incorporation during and 2 hours after 3 hours, infusion of the thrombin solution. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Thrombin infusion over 6 hours resulted in marked reduction in platelet counts and plasma fibrinogen levels. Both prothrombin time and celite-activated PTT were much prolonged. Among various clotting factors, Factors II, V and VIII were decreased remarkably. Hemorrage was observed in these rabbits and most of them died in a short period of time. Autopsy revealed disseminated thrombi in renal and pulmonary vasclar tree. Similar but less severe changes were observed in the rabbits infused with the thrombin solution over 3 hours. In these animals, slight but significant increase was observed in fibrinolytic activity of plasma after the infusion. (2) The thrombin infusion resulted in 63% reduction of the radioactivity of plasma fibrinogen fraction, while plasma fibrinogen conentration decreased by 50%. The difference of these figures was interpreted as the result of the dilution by the cold fibrinogen newly synthesized. There was no substantial decrease in the radioactivity of plasma fibrinogen fraction during 24 hours after completion of the thrombin infusion. This may result from the influx of 131I-labeled fibrinogen in the interstitial pool into the plasma pool. As a specific activity, about 10 times of 75Se-methionine were incorporated into plasma fibrinogen fraction either during or 2 hours after the thrombin infusion as compared with the normal control animals. (3) Both fibrinogen concentration and activities of various clotting factors began to increase 24 hours after the completion of the thrombin infusion. Rebound increase was marked in both fibrinogen and Factor VIII levels and attained to the peak level faster. Recovery of platelet counts was delayed. Acceleration in turnover rate of 131I-labeled autologous fibrinogen was observed in rebound hypercoagulable state followed by thrombin-induced consumption coagulopathy. (4) A case of megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia complicated with consumption coagulopathy was reported and the correlation of her clinical course to the changes in the clotting mechanism observed in the consumption coagulopathy induced by thrombin infusion in experimental rabbits was discussed.
  • 加々美 光安
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 177-185
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    This paper is being presented to relate the course of 13 patients with special type of acute leukemia, soalled promyelocytic leukemia, studied before and during treatment, and 11 patients with bone-marrow carcinosis seen in our clinic; and to present the data on therapeutic trials.
    Early symptomes consisted predominantly of hemorrhagic manifestations. Oozing from the sites of venipuncture was observed in most of the cases. Almost invariably, our patients ran a fulminating course with severe hemorrhagic tendency.
    Studies for coagulation factors showed marked abnormalities of the consumption coagulopathy type. There were marked thrombocytopenia. Levels of factor II, V and VIII were highly depressed, and some reduction occurred in fibrinogen and factor VII+X and IX. Factor XIII was sometimes reduced. Qualitative abnormality in fibrinogen was suggested with a thrombelastographic observation.
    Blood coagulation studies were performed upon patients with other types of leukemia piror to therapy. eduction of the clotting factors in the promyelocytic leukemia was more prominent than that in the patients with common form of the acute leukemia.
    In our cases, increased fibrinolysis was demonstrated in half of the patients judged by plasma clot lysis time method, fibrin plate method and thrombin time method. The relation of the fibrinopathy to the abnormal promyelocytes remain obscure.
    Heparin infusion, platelet transfusion and administration of fibrinolysis inhibitors arrested the bleeding episodes at least temporary and prolonged the life.
    In many cases, proof of disseminated intravascular coagulation has not been definitive because no microhrombi were detected at autopsy.
  • 村上 文夫, 宮本 巍, 杉本 侃, 大熊 宏, 田中 健一, 井下 勝男, 今岡 真義
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 187-194
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Blood clotting and fibrinolytic activities were studied in cases of severe trauma, general surgical operations and extracorporeal circulation. Among those cases, changes in fibrinolytic and clotting activities were smallest in general surgical cases. In cases of severe trauma and extracorporeal circulation, especially in cases of prolonged perfusion reductions in platelet counts, and fibrinogen and other clotting factor levels were observed. In most cases of extracorporeal circulation, prolongation of r values in thrombelastogram and reduciton in factor V and factor II (prothrombin) level were observed. As far as the fibrinolytic activities were concerned, slight changes. were observed in most cases.
    However, since changes in clotting activities were also observed in cases with normal fibrinolytic activities, it is not considered that the changes in clotting activities were caused by the abnormal fibrinolytic system. In cases of extracorporeal circulation, changes in firbinolytic activities were observed to be more likely happened, when the bubble oxygenators were employed. In cases of severe trauma, it was observed that the more severe the trauma was, the more prominent were the changes in fibrinolytic system.
  • 真木 正博
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 195-197
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
  • 山田 外春, 井土 熊野
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 199-202
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
  • 松田 保, 万見 新太郎, 村上 元孝
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 203-204
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
シンポジウムII 免疫血液学研究の方法論
  • 堀内 篤, 天木 一太
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 205-218
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    The mechanism of the autoimmune diseases remains still unknown. It is doubtless, however, that the production of auto-antibody by antibody producing cells is the direct cause of such diseases. The authors intended to identify the auto-antibody producing cell by observing the antigen-antibody reaction around the cell or on the surface of the cell, about which antigen prepared to be microscopically visible particles was distributed.
    The techniques employed were the test tube method to study the on-cell-surface reaction and the slide glass method to observe the around-cell reaction. The latter reaction was thought to be more desirable than the former in respect to the specificity.
    This method was tested in 126 cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic thyroiditis and normal adults.
    In the cases of AIHA, the erythorocyte of the patients themselves treated with bromelin or ficin were used as the antigen. For the cases of RA commercially avairable latex particles coated with denated human γ-globulin or tanned sheep erythorocytes coated with same antigen, for the cases of SLE latex particles coated with nucleoprotein, tanned sheep erythorocytes coated with DNA, or tanned llama erythorocytes coated with histone, and for the cases of chronic thyroiditis latex particles coated with thyroglobulin or tanned sheep erythorocytes coated with the same antigen, were used as the antigen.
    Antibody producing cells were prepared from peripheral, blood lymph node and bone marrow. In an AIHA case was used spleen cells after the operation. Antibody producing cells in TC-199 were incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes and then antigen particles were added in the cell suspension. The mixture was kept at room temperature for 30 minutes shaking gently. A drop of the cell layer was taken from the sediment onto the slide glass, enclosed with a cover glass, and then observed with a phase contrast microscope. When latex particles covered more than 1/8 of the cell boundary or more than 4 coated erythorocytes adhered the cell, these cells were counted as the positive cell in which antibody was produced.
    It is necessary to differenciate antibody producing cells from antibody fixing cells in the on-cell-surface reaction. The methods were discussed and tested.
    The appearance rate of the auto-antibody producing cell by latex method was, 10 to 32 per cent in RA, and O to 12 per cent in SLE. These rate are higher than those which observed by the erythorocyte method. The latters were 1 to 3 per cent in peripheral lymphocytes and 2 to 10 per cent in the lymph node cells. This difference may be due to the fact that latex method is concerned partly with non-specific reaction. There was no direct orrelation between the serum antibody titer and the number of positive cells.
    It has been shown that the positive reaction of SLE is specifically inhibited by anti-IgG serum (γ-chain specific) and that of RA by anti-IgM serum (μ-chain specific) These data suggest that antibody producing cells of SLE and RA are producing IgG and IgM antibody respectively.
    This method is based on the virgin antibody, which was named and discussed by authorsin 1969.
    It may be said that method has enabled us to identify the auto-antibody producing cell, though there are some problems yet to be resolved concerning specificity of the reaction.
  • 市丸 道人
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 219-229
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Lymphocyte blasttransformation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is thought to show the cellular immunological capacity of individuals. There are several problems with the evaluation of peripheral lymphocyte blasttransformation by the method which has heretofore been used.
    For example, it is uncertain as to how many percent of initial lymphocytes transform to blastic cells within 72 hours, and as to what differenciation exists between the lymphocytes which would transform to blastic cells and those which would not transform; it is difficult to distinguish the relatively small blastic lymphocytes from non-blastic cells; and there is time differenciation among various lymphocytes to commence blastic transformation. To clarify these points, PHA lymphocyte culture added with small dose of colchicine (0.4γ/ml) was prepared. About 35% of initial lymphocytes obtained from healthy persons transformed to blastic cells within 72 hours by our method.
    Using chromosome method with H3-thimidine labeled lymphocytes, it was confirmed that the lymphocytes in the conventional culture undergo mitosis 1 or 2 times within 72 hours. The addition of colchicine to the culture is to prevent such mitosis of cultured lymphocytes.
    Peripheral lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, of malignant lymphoma with or without increased abnormal lymphocytes, and of filaria showed lower percentage of blasttransformation and the tendency of delayed reaction to PHA.
    It seems better to utilize the number of H3-thimidine labeled cells plus cells of metaphase by our method to compare the degree of PHA blasttransformation, because these cells can be clearly distinguished.
    Normal and CLL human peripheral lymphocytes could survive for 28 days in cell culture in the presence of small dose (subthreshold) of PHA. But peripheral lympocytes of leukemic malignant lymphoma disappeared from the culture of the same condition.
  • 市川 洋一
    1972 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 231-244
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル 認証あり
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