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Volume 35, Issue 5
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Koji NANBA1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 433-438
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSCurrent problems relating pathology of malignant lymphomas were reviewed. Unique geopathologic features of malignant lymphomas have been increasingly made clear. Japanese lymphomas, previously reported as having relative excess of T cell lymphomas, are now proved similar to Euro-American lymphomas with regard to T/B ratio, i.e. 75% and 20% respectively, except ATLL related with HTLV-I. Instead, characteristics of Japanese lymphomas are 1) low incidence rate of overal lymphomas and 2) scarcity of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and follicular lymphomas.
These differences seems to be related to the difference in HLA composition among susceptible individuals. Since HLA haplotypes regulate host's immunoreactivity through their unique molecular structures, it is possible that “narrow” cognitive molecules could trigger the autoimmune reaction and “broad” one could accept altered cell as “self”, thus leading to the late-onset lymphomagenesis.
Viewing the evidences that no consistent immuno-gene rearrangements were detected in significant cases of ALCL (anaplastic large cell lymphoma) and HD, it was suggested that these lymphomas derive from the precursor cell before the rearrangement of immunogenes. Thus, lymphomas could be divided into two categories, i.e. 1) pre-rearrangement lymphomas (HD and ALCL) and 2) post-rearrangement lymphomas (common NHL).View full abstractDownload PDF (482K)
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Eishun TSUCHIDA1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 439-445
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSRecent progress of red cell substitutes to apply clinical use are overviewed. In response to the requisites as oxygen transporters, characteristics and present status are summarized for hemoglobin-based substitutes (polymer-conjugated Hb, polymerized Hb, crosslinked Hb). Concentrated hemoglobin covered with thin phospholipid bimolecular layer membranes (hemoglobin-vesicle) transports the sufficient amount of oxygen with excellent solution propertis and safety. Furthermore, performances of two types of totally synthetic oxygen carrier are introduced such as lipid-heme embedding in the bilayer of a phospholipid vesicle and lipid-heme in the fat-microsphere composed of the emulsion for the nutrimental infusions.View full abstractDownload PDF (520K)
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Susumu IKEHARA1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 446-453
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSWe describe here characteristics of animal models for intractable hematologic disorders and discuss the concept of “stem cell disorders.” Using these animal models, we have found that bone marrow transplantation can be used to treat both systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, and that transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from autoimmune-prone mice induces autoimmune diseases in normal mice. Based on these findings, we have proposed that autoimmune diseases are stem cell disorders. It has recently been reported that bone marrow transplantation can be used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis, also in humans.View full abstractDownload PDF (990K)
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Mitoshi AKIYAMA1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 454-460
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIn view of the elevated risk of leukemia among A-bomb survivors, genetic alterations associated with Leukemia can be considered to have been induced by ionizing radiation. Therefore, to clarify this possibility, an examination was made to see whether genetic changes such as BCR-ABL translocation closely associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) are actually induced by radiation. BCR-ABL translocation is easily detected by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. One hundred million cells of the promyelocytic leukemia-derived cell line HL60, which do not have such a gene rearrangement, were irradiated with 100 Gy of X-ray, after which RNA was extracted and examined for any rearrangements of BCR and ABL genes. Five kinds of bands were observed in the HL60 cells irradiated with 100 Gy of X-ray, and it became clear that these positive bands contain both BCR gene and ABL gene by the direct sequencing method. Furthermore, these gene rearrangements included not only the rearrangements specifically identified with CML but also atypical rearrangements which are not generally observed clinically. The induction by X-irradiation of such gene changes characteristic of malignant tumors, which are closely associated with radiation carcinogenesis, suggests that they are the initial gene changes in radiation carcinogenesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K)
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Shin NAKAMURA1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 461-468
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSMonocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells express tissue factor (TF), an initiator for blood clotting pathway, following their activation accompanied by immune response and/or immflamation. This TF expression results in thrombin generation and fibrin formation around these cells and possibly participates in host-defense mechanism. TF expression by these cells is also a risk-factor to vascular diseases including arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. In cancer and leukemia patients elevation of their plasma TF level associated with DIC and related coagulation disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K)
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Toshiyasu TSUKADA1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 469-474
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSScientific and Standardization Committee (SSC) of International Thrombosis and Hemostasis has acted its activity since 1955 for establishing international concept on terminology, methodology in the fields of blood platelets, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Among the reports from 15 sub-committee in 1993 meeting, some clinically interesting topics are reported. In von Willebrand factor (vWF) Subcommittee, new classification of von Willebrand disease including new variant of VFW which shows defect on factor VIII binding capacity, is proposed. In Control of Anticoagulation Subcommmittee, the necessity of coagulation monitoring during low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) administration was discussed. For prophylaxis use, monitoring is unnecessary except patients having renal failure or high∼low body weight. For the treatment of venous thrombosis once or twice monitoring every 10 days would be necessary. In Lupus anticoagulant (LA)/phospholipid dependent antibodies Subcommittee, results of 3rd international survey for LA sent to 38 laboratories in 16 countries including Japan were reported. Most laboratory used APTT and dRVVT simultaneously as screening tests. Sensitivity and specificity of confirmatory test for LA are compared; the best one was Staclot LA and the second was DVVT.View full abstractDownload PDF (495K)
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Yoichi TAKAUE1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 475-482
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThis is a comprehensive review of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) does not require anesthesia and is less invasive compared to harvesting marrow cells. As the hematopoietic recovery speed after autologous PBSCT is fast, the procedure is associated with less complication compared to marrow transplantation. Thus, high-dose therapy can safely be administered, without the use of aseptic measures, in a larger number of hospitals. Preliminary therapeutic results for the treatment of relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia appears to be equivalent to that obtained by application of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Alternate use of PBSC includes routine application after consolidation therapy as one of growth factors. Use of PBSC in allogeneic setting has been under intense investigation. Collection, processing and storage of PBSC will shortly become a part of routine procedure in major blood centers and banks.View full abstractDownload PDF (666K)
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Takashi SHIMADA1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 483-486
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSGene therapy is defined as the treatment of diseases by the transfer of genes into cells. This concept was originally emerged as the definitive therapy for genetic diseases. However, acquired diseases such as cancer and AIDS are now being considered for its potential targets. The first clinical trial of human gene therapy began in 1990 at the NIH for treating a patient with fatal severe combined immunodeficiency caused by adnosine deaminase deficiency. Gene therapy of cancer has also initiated at many research hospitals. Currently, more than 100 patients have already been treated by this innovative therapeutic strategy in the US. In Japan, the Expert Committee on Gene therapy was set up in the council on Science and the Public Health and Welfare in 1991. Recently, the committee released the guidelines of gene therapy. It is thought that the first gene therapy in Japan is not far off.View full abstractDownload PDF (341K)
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Yuzuru KURIYAMA, Yoshikazu KAWANISHI, Osamu IWASE, Masaru NAKANO, Keis ...1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 487-494
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIn non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), the precise analysis of non-neoplastic immunocompetent cells in lymph nodes may be important to understand the pathophysiology of anti-tumor immunity. We have investigated such immunocompetent cells of 14 patients with B-cell type NHL (B-NHL) by flow cytometry, and compared them with the data obtained from 10 patients with reactive lymphadenopathy. The results on B-NHLs were as follows; CD3+ (T lymphocyte)=45.0±19.7%, CD4+/CD3+=62.7±14.2%, CD4+CD45RA-/CD4+=82.9±8.1% (Control 62.9±14.5%, p<0.01), CD4+CD29++/CD4+=29.2±7.0% (Control 42.6±12.9%, p<0.01), CD8+/CD3+=36.0±11.3%, CD8++S6F1++/CD3+=23.2±10.6% (Control 9.1±4.3%, p<0.01), CD8++S6F1++/CD8++=75.3±16.7% (Control 41.5±19.6%, p<0.01), CD3-CD56+cells=1.0±0.7% (Control 2.2±1.6%, p<0.05). These findings suggest that CD4+T lymphocytes in lymph nodes of B-NHL may change to memory cells (CD45RA-cells), but such memory cells could only weakly express CD29 molecules which are thought to play an important role in the manifestation of helper function. This phenotypic discordance of CD4+T lymphocytes may produce incomplete anti-tumor immunity in B-NHL.View full abstractDownload PDF (575K)
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Haruki KONDO, Kenichi HARIGAYA, Katsushi KUROSU, Norio YUMOTO, Atuso M ...1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 495-500
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA 56-year-old female was hospitalized in 1992, because of fever and lymphadenopathy. She had ileus due to aganglionosis of the intestine diagnosed in 1990. Blood tests disclosed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood smear demonstrated 69.5% abnormal cells and a T-cell origin was demonstrated on cell marker study by flow cytometry. Immunological examinations, including serum HTLV-1 antibody were negative. Lymph node biopsy revealed malignant lymphoma; diffuse large, immunoblastic. The clonality of the T-cell malignancy was shown by detecting rearrangement of T-cell receptor β gene. A diagnosis of PTCL, high grade, immunoblastic, was made. The patient received various chemotherapeutic agents and achieved a short remission, then died 5 months after the diagnosis. The classification of T-cell lymphoma was established by Suchi and the Kiel classification. Many ATL/L cases have been reported in Japan before the above classification was affirmed, although there have been few reports of ATL/L-like diseases in which serum HTLV-1 antibodies were negative. The case reported here was HTLV-1 negative, although the patient was diagnosed as ATL/L-like disease, because the results of various laboratory examinations were similar to these of HTLV-1 positive cases. Characteristics of this case included a female patient and leukemic clinical features, because the gender preponderance of PTCL, high grade, immunoblastic is male and the clinical features of the disease are not usually leukemic. It was also characteristic that PTCL coexisted with aganglionosis of the intestine. Basic disturbances in the latter condition would be similar to aganglionic megacolon in which a possible aberrant immune mechanism was shown. PTCL and aganglionosis may be differing manifestations of an underlying disorder of immunity and their coexistence in this patient suggests a genuine association. Reports of similar cases are necessary to understand the pathophysiology of PTCL or ATL/L and to establish better therapeutic approaches for the disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (724K) -
Yutaka SHIGA, Tsutomu SHICHISHIMA, Kazuhiko AIKAWA, Jun GOTOH, Tetsuo ...1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 501-505
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA 65-year old female was diagnosed to have actue nonlymphocytic leukemia (M2) in July, 1990. Complete remission was achieved by BHAC-DMP (enocitabine, daunorubicin, 6-mercaptopurine, prednisolone) therapy. Complete remission had continued without symptomes for about two years. Uterial infiltration of leukemic cells occurred in May, 1992, followed by bone marrow relapse after two months. The second hematological complete remission was obtained after one course of the chemotherapy, but uterial infiltration of leukemic cells had still remained.View full abstractDownload PDF (429K) -
Chizuko HISANO, Yoshinobu ASANO, Kenji OHE, Fujio MATSUBARA, Osamu OKA ...1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 506-510
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA 77-year-old man was admitted because of high fever and general malaise. Whole-body CT showed large bilateral adrenal masses and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Needle biopsy of the adrenal mass revealed mononuclear tumor cells within the lumens of small vessels, indicating the features of angioendothelial lymphoma. Immunohistochemically, these tumor cells were B cell lineage (positive for LCA, Mx-pan B, MB-1, and negative for factor VIII-related antigen, UEA-1, QB/ENDO 10). We used a modified CHOP therapy (500mg of cyclophosphamide, 40mg of 4'-o-tetrahydropyranyl doxorubicin, 2mg of vindesine, and 50 mg of prednisolone) dute to the patient's advanced age and general condition. Following the first course of this modified CHOP, the adrenal masses and para-aortic lymph nodes decreased dramatically in size, and his subjective symtoms also improved remarkably. Following three courses of modified CHOP, the patient developed dementia and disturbance of consciousness. Brain MRI revealed enhanced multiple nodular lesions. A diagnosis of multiple brain metatasis was made and modified CHOP and radiation therapy were begun, which relieved his symptoms for some time. However, he later died of pneumonia with severe leukopenia. A postmortem examination was performed. Microscopic examination showed no residual tumor cells in the adrenal glands. brain lymph nodes, or other organs. These results suggest that modified CHOP and radiation therapy may have beneficial anti-tumor effects against angioendothelial lymphoma.View full abstractDownload PDF (489K)
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1994 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 511-525
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSDownload PDF (1415K)
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