Quarterly Report of RTRI
Online ISSN : 1880-1765
Print ISSN : 0033-9008
ISSN-L : 0033-9008
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Volume 48, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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PAPERS
  • Evaluation Method of Robustness for Train Schedules
    Yoko TAKEUCHI, Norio TOMII, Chikara HIRAI
    2007 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 197-201
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.48.197
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The aim of this study is to examine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics that robust train schedules should have. The method we propose to evaluate the robustness of train schedules has two main characteristics; one is a focus on passenger disutility, and the other involves the development of a probabilistic model for the statistical evaluation of train operations. To calculate the robustness indices, we applied a Monte Carlo simulation method that performs iterative train-passenger simulations. We then carried out simulation experiments using actual data to calculate the robustness indices for two train schedules, and compared the results.
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  • Application of Mobile Internet to Railway Maintenance Work
    Norio SATO, Michiko NOZUE, Miki MIYASHITA, Makoto KIKUCHI
    2007 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 202-206
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.48.202
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    We have been researching improvements to the efficiency of railway maintenance work through the application of mobile Internet technology. This report gives an outline of the current research results and introduces the accident report system we have developed. With this system, hand-drawn rough sketches, voice memos and photographs related to an accident can be transmitted directly from the accident site through a wireless communication medium such as PHS. Moreover, such information can be readily accessed for the preparation of accident reports, resulting in a more streamlined accident reporting process.
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  • Environmental Load Reduction Due to Modal Shift Resulting from Improvements to Railway Freight Stations
    Guoquan LI, Masai MUTO, Naoki AIHARA, Taro TSUJIMURA
    2007 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 207-214
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.48.207
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    Intermodalism has become one of the most important ways of transporting freight with the development of social economy and industry. In order to correspond to the changing nature of freight transport and to improve railway transport effectively, it is essential to upgrade conventional freight stations to provide sophisticated facilities where loading/ unloading services are directly handled on siding tracks for arrival and departure. In this paper, we discuss the improvements of railway freight stations based on advantage analysis by comparing the conventional type with the new one. We then cover the development of a mode-share model using stochastic distribution of freight time value. Next, we estimate the modal shift of freight resulting from improvements to station facilities, and finally we investigate the related environmental effects such as reduction in CO2 emissions.
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  • Development of Rail Noise Isolating Material
    Masanori HANSAKA, Shogo MAMADA, Kiyoshi SATO
    2007 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 215-220
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.48.215
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    Recently, there has been an increasing need to control the rolling noise generated between wheels and rails, but conventional countermeasures such as noise-proof walls have a big disadvantage in that their installation is very labor-intensive. Therefore, the authors have developed a new type of material, named as rail noise isolating material (RNIM), which consists of two laminated layers, one of a foamed ethylene-propylene rubber and another of vibration-damping steel. Impact tests performed in a laboratory and on a commercial line and noise measurements of passing trains verified that RNIM is effective in reducing rolling noise.
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  • Inventory Analysis of Transport in Japan Based on Input-Output Tables
    Naoki AIHARA, Fumiko MORIMOTO, Taro TSUJIMURA
    2007 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 221-224
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.48.221
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    To clarify the environmental burden imposed by different modes of transport in Japan, we performed inventory analysis of each mode every five years from 1985 to 2000 through input-output analysis. Emissions of CO2, SOx and NOx from railways, road traffic, aviation and coastal shipping were evaluated in relation to the construction and maintenance of infrastructures, the manufacture and maintenance of vehicles and the supply and consumption of operational energy. As a result, it became evident that the environmental burden per unit of traffic for railways is lower than that of other transport modes. It was also apparent that 20-60 percent of the total CO2 emission for each transport mode was related to the infrastructures and vehicles themselves.
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  • Wear Reduction of Wheel Specimens by Duplex Shot Peening in Dry Rolling/Sliding Contact Tests
    Motohide MATSUI, Hideshi KAKISHIMA, Hisashi MORI, Yukio SATOH, Kengo I ...
    2007 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 225-228
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.48.225
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    The effect of duplex shot peening treatments with Al2O3 particles and MoS2 solid lubricants on wear reduction of wheel specimens was investigated in extensive dry rolling/ sliding contact tests. The duplex shot peening treatments provided excellent wear reduction under severe loading and sliding conditions because the uniform and minute surface roughness given by the primary shot peening treatment with Al2O3 particles could keep the duplex treated MoS2 layers with low friction coefficients on the wheel specimen surfaces. Furthermore, the crystal orientation of the duplex treated MoS2 layer was well aligned and contributed to excellent wear reduction.
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  • Wind Tunnel Tests on Reduction of Aeroacoustic Noise from Car Gaps and Bogie Sections
    Nobuhiro YAMAZAKI, Takehisa TAKAISHI
    2007 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 229-235
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.48.229
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    In this study, we propose techniques for reducing aeroacoustic noise from gaps between cars and bogie sections. A microphone array placed adjacent to the main flow of the wind tunnel is used as a measurement device to improve the spatial resolution and the accuracy of identifying the noise sources. The results show that aeroacoustic sound sources at gaps between the cars are sufficiently weakened by rounding corners of cars, because the impact of impinging vortices at the corners is relieved and efficiency of acoustical radiation is reduced. Noise from the bogie sections is also reduced by installing side covers, slopes and round corners.
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  • Flow Control on Pantograph with Air Intake and Outlet
    Masahiro SUZUKI, Mitsuru IKEDA, Tatsuya KOYAMA
    2007 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 236-239
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.48.236
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    The aerodynamic characteristics of pantographs for high-speed trains are a critical factor towards steady current collection. We introduce a new panhead in which air is taken in at the leading edge and ejected around the trailing edge to control lift force. The aerodynamic characteristics of this panhead are estimated using CFD and a wind tunnel experiment, with the results showing that the system is effective in controlling lift force.
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  • Vegetation Control through Selective Elimination of Large-size Weeds on Embankments Using Growth Retardant
    Toshio HAYAKAWA
    2007 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 240-243
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.48.240
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    Weed control along railway lines is normally executed by mowing, herbicide spraying or a combination of the two. The growth retardant bispyribac-sodium inhibits the biosynthesis of amino acids in plants, and is lethal for some weed species. The author tried to control weed flora in addition to retarding growth using this chemical. After three years of treatment, large-size weeds such as tall goldenrod and mugwort were eliminated, with foxtail and southern crabgrass occupying the vacant spaces. These vegetation changes also brought a reduction in the total weed biomass. The results indicate that the growth retardant is suitable for long-term vegetation control along railway lines.
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