Sabo-workes must treat steep mountain torrents, mudflow-deposit areas and so on. In such water-course many large gravels are scattered on the bed, and remove transforming the water surface. So, considering the critical conditions for traction of scattered gravels on a mountain stream bed, we should take account of the water surface effect.
In order to simplify the phenomena, mortar or glass spheres are adopted as the cobble-stones in this study and the experiments or the observations are carried out on condition that the single sphere is set in quasi-uniform flow on a wide rectangular channel bed. Besides, an applicable model of tractive mechanics are discussed, but this paper principally describes the critical conditions for a semi-submerged gravels.
Consequently, follows have gained.
1) The water surface effect i. e. wave front effect whicn means shift of fluid dynamic force acting point is one of the important factor in traction.
2) The effect of instantaneous fluid dynamic forces, in this case that of maximum fluid dynamic forces, is notable.
3) Two dimensional model of tractive mechanics is available in this study.
4) According to above model, the critical conditions for semi-submerged gravels on a steep channel bed are function of gradient, relative water depth, relative diameter, and of specific gravity.
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