Palm oil is widely used in food manufacturing due to its high oxidative and thermal stability. However, prolonged use and exposure to high temperatures lead to an increase in its acid value (AV), accelerating oxidation, thermal degradation, and potential fire hazards. This review systematically examines the effects of AV changes on the thermal stability, oxidative properties, and fire risk characteristics of palm oil. Existing experimental studies indicate that increased AV reduces the smoke point, flash point, and ignition temperature, contributing to greater fire risks. Furthermore, oxidative degradation results in the formation of hazardous by-products, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which pose health risks. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of experimental approaches used to evaluate the combustion characteristics of palm oil and highlights key gaps in current research. Finally, recommendations for fire prevention strategies and future research directions are presented to mitigate fire hazards associated with used cooking oils.

In this study, the charge amount and potential risks of electrostatic discharge generated between charged workwear and a grounded metal sphere were evaluated after friction with an insulating sheet (polytetrafluoroethylene; PTFE). In nonantistatic workwear, brush discharge occurs between the charged workwear and the metal sphere; however, the discharge charge amount is 20 nC or less, posing a low ignition risk for flammable substances. However, in some cases where antistatic workwear is not properly grounded, spark discharge with a discharge charge amount of +203 nC may be generated between the conductive threads and the metal sphere, suggesting a potential ignition risk for flammable gases or solvents.

There are very few permeation resistance data for mixtures in the chemical protective glove manufacturers' published data. However, since mixtures are often used in actual work environments, a simple method for evaluating the permeation resistance of chemical protective gloves against mixtures is necessary. In this study, we examined whether a real-time monitor could be applied as a simple evaluation method by comparing the permeation times of individual components in a mixture, measured using gas chromatography (GC), with the results from a real-time monitor. The GC results showed that the components of the mixture permeated almost simultaneously. Therefore, the real-time monitor, which measures the total permeation value of the mixture, was considered applicable for evaluating mixtures. Additionally, in cases where a mixture contains fast-permeating substances that do not correspond to chemical substances that can damage the skin or other organs through contact with the skin, slow-permeating substances may also permeate simultaneously with the fast-permeating substances. This necessitates careful attention.