In order to investigate changes in local immunological response in the process of cancer development and growth, in terms of qualitative and quantitative changes in immunologically competent cells assembled at local regions as well as qualitative changes in cell combination of regional lymph nodes, samples of removed cervical cancer were examined from the viewpoint of immunohistochemistry. Anti-lysozyme antibodies were used for detection of marcrophages, leu 1 antibodies for general T-cells, leu 2a antibodies for suppressor T-cells, leu 3a antibodies for helper T-cells and anti-TdT antibodies for immature lymphocytes. B-cells were differentiated by anti-Ig antibodies. In dysplasia of the uterine cervix, carcinoma in situ and early invasive cancer, there appeared macrophages, not observed below the normal epithelium, in the stroma just below the epithelium. Also in the regional lymph nodes of the patients with these diseases, macrophages increased. However, in highly invasive cancer, macrophages markedly decreased, both inthe local regions and the lymph nodes.
Lymphocytes gathering around the cancerous lesions were observed only in small numbers in carcinoma in situ. They consisted mainly of mature T-cells in early invasive cancer, with B-cells little observed. In highly invasive cancer, the number of B-cells increased and there were numerous cells which could not be recognized by antibodies (leu 1, leu 2a and leu 3a) for identifying membrane differentiating antigens of T-cells. Since most were TdT-positive cells, they seemed to be immature lymphocytes derived from the thymus. However, in lesions classified as early invasive cancer or less severe diseases, TdT-positive cells were not detected.
On the other hand, the regional lymph nodes presented changes in cell combination. At the stage of carcinoma in situ and early invasive cancer, TdT-positive immature lymphocytes began to join mature lymphocytes. In the lymph nodes of highly invasive cancer, suppressor T-cells were scattered only in small numbers and helper T-cells were rarely present. In spite of these mature T-cells, the number of immature T-cells increased. In the lymph nodes developing metastases, such as in the local regions, B-cells assembled markedly around the metastatic lesions and not only mature T-cells but also immature T-cells decreased.
Also examined were the response to Con A of lymphocytes isolated by the discontinuous BSA density gradient technique, maturation to T-cells in the presence of thymus humoral factor (THF), and localization of TdT.
As a result it was revealed that with the growth of cancer, more lymphocytes with THE increased Con A response were distributed in the low density layer. Most lymphocytes in that layer showed TdT localization in the cytoplasm, while lymphocytes in the high density layer tended to have TdT localized in the nucleus.
The above results reveal that immunologically competent cells coping with cancer change in association with the development and growth of cancer, the immature type replacing the mature type, especially in the T-cell system. These facts are therefore suggestive of the possibility that the cellular immunological mechanism in cancer hosts may allow activation of the immunosuppressive mechanism with cancer growth as well as bring about exhaustion of the immunological system.

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To establish a method for diagnosing ABH(O) blood group of the fetus, soluble blood group substances in the amniotic fluid were determined in 217 specimens by use of the method for testing saliva (HAIR).
Of the 217 specimens examined, 175 (80.6%) were demonstrated to be secretors and the rest (19.4%) to be nonsecretors. In the secretors, the blood type determined by the blood group substances in the amniotic fluid coincided with the neonatal blood type and secretor status, while no blood group substances were detected in nonsecretors. The result indicates blood group substances depend fetal blood type and secretor status, and that this method allows to determine fetal blood type only when fetus is a secretor.
In order to determine blood type of nonsecretor, α-D-N-acetyl galactosaminyl transferase (A-enzyme) and galactosyl -transferase (B-enzyme) in the amniotic fluid were measured.
As a result, corresponding enzyme to neonatal blood type was successfully detected in the amniotic fluid, hence the procedure for determining fetal blood type was newly established.

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The cytological and histological findings in a case of primary female urethral carcinoma, an relatively rare urogenital tumor, are described.
A 69-year-old woman complained of abnormal bleeding from the external genital region. Total urethrectomy with cystostomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy were performed under a diagnosis of primary epidermoid carcinoma of the vulvo-urethral region.
Histological examination revealed transitional cell carcinoma (Grade III) with invasion of the vagina.
Papanicolaou staining of an urethral smear showed relatively scattered small cells with scant cytoplasm and hyperchromatic, atypical nuclei, but their nucleoli were not so prominent.
These cytological findings agree well with the cytological characteristics of transitional cell carcinoma, Grade III.

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A case of fetal complete A-V block was evaluated with ultrasonography in the mid trimester.
A 32-year-old primigravida had received thyroxine for the last 3 years for chronic thyroiditis. Fetal bradycardia (ventricular rate 60 beats/min.) was noted at 22 weeks of gestation. The mother's laboratory data showed normal thyroid function, but various immunoserological abnormalities. By ultrasound cardiogram we diagnosed complete A-V block and no other cardiac anomalies in the fetus.
The fetus showed normal growth, and had no signs of latent fetal distress or congestive heart failure during 24-37 weeks of gestation. We selected Cesarean Section for delivery, and a 3780gr, healthy female baby without cardiac failure was born at 37 weeks gestation. Postnatal examinations, including electrocardiograms, agreed with the prenatal diagnosis of complete A-V block without any anomalies (atrial rate 160 beats/min, ventricular rate 55-60 beats/min.)
The bradycardia was not altered by any actions or by administration of Isoproterenol. We implanted a permanent pacemaker during open heart surgery (rate 110 beats/min.) 2 hrs, after birth. This procedure was successful, and the baby remains healthy.

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The combined therapies such as CO₂ laser evaporation, local radiation and continuous arterial infusion of anti-carcinogenic drugs were performed against the patient with metastatic vagianl carcinoma derived from rectal cancer, from years after the radicalr esection, and the remarkable regression of tumor growth was observed. This patient was found to have the ulcer near fornix of vagina with high serum value of CEA (10.7ng/ml). The cytology test by contact smear and biopsy of the ulcer proved that this ulcer was adenocarcinoma derived from the previous rectal cancer. After admission to the hospital, the patient was treated by combined therapies as local injections of OK-432, extended CO₂ laser evaporation to the ulcer and local radiation by ⁶⁰CO (total 4, 700 rads) and the continuous infusions in reginal artery (Lt-internal iliac artery) with 250 mg of 5 FU per day for 20 days and 100mg of ACNU per week for 2 weeks were applied, because the serum value of CEA did not drop even after therapies, and the tumor invasion was found to localize deep under the vaginal wall by CT. After this therapy, the serum value of CEA and the size of ulcerative carcinoma in vagina were strikingly decreased with necrotizing dermatitis as the major side effect. The other cosiderable side effects due to drug toxicity and arterial infusion were not demonstrated.

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