The survival rate of premature births has improved in recent years due to developments such as that of NICU, but infection still presents a serious risk. The undeveloped nature of neonatal immunological function has been long highlighted, but it can be said without exaggeration that the immunological function which causes simple infection in neonates and in particular premature birth, and its development, are still hardly understood. Study of the quantitative changes in immunologically competent cells such as T-cell, B-cell, and non T-, non B-cells and, furthermore, of the stage when immunological function is acquired, will be not only clinically beneficial in copiing with infection in the newborn nursery, but can increase our knowledge of immunological system ontogenesis. The present study was designed to examine neonatal immunological function, through investigation of neutrophil function, NK activity, LAK activity, T-cells proliferative response to mitogen, their coordinate function antibody generation, and, in addition, cytokine generation in umbilical blood from neonates including miscarried and premature births.
1. Neutrophil function
Phagocytosis in full term births was observed to be the same as in adults but bactericidal function was decreased in comparison to adults. Neutrophil function was first confirmed at 30 fetal weeks, and from 33 weeks onwards obtained the levels seen in full-term births.
2. NK activity
NK activity in full-term births was significantly lower than in adults, however, IL-2-augmented NK activity did not indicate any significant difference with levels in adults. In pre-32 week infants both NK and IL-2-augmented NK activity were further decreased as opposed to in full-term births, suggesting that the first stage of development in NK activity occurs around the 32-week mark.
3. LAK activity
LAK activity was fully developed already in 19 week infants, indicating that auto-monitering of mutant cells is already under control from the early stages of fetal development.
4. Antibody generation
Antibody generation in full-term births and premature births was significantly decreased in comparison to adults, and greatly reduced numbers of helper T-cells, and largely increased numbers of suppressor inducer T-cells as opposed to surface markers were interpreted as indices of decreased antibody generation. Rather than cytokine generation, reduced IL-I generation and diminished BCDF generation were considered to be the causal factors.
From the results it can therefore be concluded that due to the insufficiency of defense mechanisms against infection either bacteriological or viral, transfusion of elements such as granulocytes and administration of immunoglobulin agests should be actively applied in combating serious infection.

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A new cell line (OMC-5) was established from an experimental squamous cell carcinoma of a mouse uterine cervix.
First, carcinoma was induced by the insertion of a 20-methylcholanthrene-impregnated thread into the cervical canal of the mouse. In the columnar epithelium of the uterine cervix, invasive carcinoma was seen after 8 weeks and increased thereafter. After 28 weeks, squamous cell carcinoma was found in all the mice, and was well differentiated.
The OMC-5 was established from the keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma that had been treated with 20-methylcholanthrene for 28 weeks. The OMC-5 was successively subcultured 14 times in 24 months. The monolayer cultured cells were epithelial with a pavement-like arrangement and tendency to pile up without contact inhibition. Electronmicroscopy showed desmosomes and well-developed tonofilaments. The population doubling time was 69 hours, the saturation density was 8.3 × 10⁴ cells/cm², the plating efficiency was 7.0% and the mitotic index was 5. 1%. Chromosome studies showed aneuploidy and a modal number of 82. After subcutaneous transplantation into nude rat, the cells grew into solid keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas.

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A rare case of uterus didelphia with left hematocolpos and ipsilateral renal agenesis is reported.
A 17-year old female visited our hospital suffering from dysmenorrhea. Physical examination revealed a retrovesical cystic tumor. Laboratory tests were all normal. Ultrasonography demonstrated that a cystic mass measuring 5.4×7.1 cm occupied the retrovesical space and displaced the uterus to the right. Drip infusion pyelography revealed the absence of the left kidney. Through hysterosalpingography, we found no communication between the uterine cavity and the tumor Computerized tomography showed the tumor was a retrovesical cyst.
Following diagnosis of retrovesical cyst, laparotomy was performed, thus confirming uterus didelphia with left hematosalpinx, hematometra and hematocolpos. Therefore, the extirpation of left adnexa, hematometra and hematocolpos was performed.
Previously reported cases of relevance are briefly discussed.

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Carcinoma of the female urethra occupies only 0.02 per cent of all gynecological malignancies. We recently treated a patient with vaginal infiltration of the urethral carcinoma. The patient was a 79-year-old woman who complained of dysuria and genital bleeding. Speculum examination revealed a thumb-tip-sized mass in the anterior vaginal wall. Cytological and histological findings showed adenocarcinoma. 338 cases of female urethral malignancies reported in Japan are reviewed and compared with those reported by McCrea.

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There has been a marked decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis according to the development of antituberculous drugs and the propagation of BCG vaccination. Tuberculous peritonitis is therefore now a rare disease in Japan. We sometimes encounter difficulties in differentiating tuberculous peritonitis from other inflammatory disorders or ascites due to carcinomatous peritonitis.
Recently, we experienced a rare case of peritonitis tuberculosa. She had the exploratory laparotomy for her preoperative diagnosis of peritonitis carcinoma due to the high level of CA125 tumor marker and the findings of USG and CT scan, but her postoperative diagnosis resulted in peritonitis tuberculosa. Antituberculous therapy reduced her serum CA-125 titers to the normal range and improved her clinical symptoms.
This case suggests that CA-125 would be used as a therapeutic marker of chronic peritonitis as tuberculous peritonitis.

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An 18-year-old female with congenital absence of the vagina was admitted for treatment in our department. Her chief complaint was amenorrhea. Endocrinological examinations were within normal limits. Because of atresia of the hymen, colpotomy was performed, and absence of the vagina was disclosed. Laparoscopy revealed a rudimentary uterus and normal sized ovaries.
For the treatment of congenital absence of the vagina, several surgical reconstructive approaches have been described. In our experience, surgical reconstruction with sigmoid colon produced excellent results without any risk of bowel or bladder injury. Postoperative X-ray examination showed that the reconstruted vagina had a normal shape.

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In Japan, there have been very few reports of endometrial cancer assosiated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) in young woman. In other countries, however, there have been several such reports.
The authors recently treated a 28-year-old woman with PCO who visited to our clinic with a chief complaint of 'wish for baby'. Her hysterosalpingography revealed a small foam-like abnormal shadow in the uterine cavity, and endometrial biopsy let to the diagnosis of endometrial adenoacanthoma.
This case is clinically valuable in that it indicates the necessity for detailed examination for endometrial cancer in women with PCO.

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Severe pulmonary fibrosis was observed in a 68-year-old woman with recurrent cervical cancer treated with bleomycin (BLM). BLM was administered 5 mg/day by continuous intraarterial infusion in a total dose of 220mg. She developed dyspnea, and chest X-ray showed interstitial pneumonitis during the BLM treatment. The patient did not respond to steroid and antibiotic therapy and died.

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