From the theoretical point of view, the author discussed the relations between A: G ratio and K or Q and deduced the equation (5), (7), (8) or (8') in original text for them, whose correctness was proved by the application of these equations to the experimental results of Matuoka or Mukai et al. (cf. Fig. 1)
As an empirical relation between R and Q, the author found the equation (9) in the original text, i. e.;
log₁₀R/R_n=constant×Q^1/2 (See Fig. 2 and 3)
It was shown that this empirical relation could be explained by theoretical relation (8'), provided that Δa, the deviation of % value of A-fraction from its normal average, was always proportional to Q1/2. The latter fact was also found actually in above-mentioned experimental results and might be explained by the assumption that albumin fraction played main rôle in the regulation of total amount of plasma plotein and it was pointed out that practical significance of R widely employed was mainly due to this fact.
It was also made clear that Q was considebraly correlative with with E. S. R. or the state of patient. (cf. Fig. 4, 5, 6.)

抄録全体を表示

1.犬の横紋筋中性蒸溜水抽出液に少なくも11個の成分を見出し得た。
2.これらの成分は早い時期にはA,B,C,D,Eの5つのグループからなり,このうちBは灌流を実施するか抽出時間を長くすると認め難くなつてくる。なお,早い時間に於てもEは数成分からなることが認められる。
3.Theorell法及びその他の硫安による分別操作を施し,各成分の挙動を観察して,それらの溶解度的性質を述べた。
4.筋肉抽出液中の着色成分はEの4個の成分(E₁,E₂,E₃,E₄)の中のE₂又はE₃と共に移動する。
5.A,B,C,D,Eの5つのグループの相対濃度は,上昇下降両図形からの平均値として夫々12.5,3.3,3.4,10.8,,70.0%が得られた。

抄録全体を表示

In order to estimate individual difference in the area measurements of an electrophoretic pattern, percentages of serum protein fractions were determined by measurements on one and the same electrophoretical pattern by five measurers.
Results obtained by statistical consideration on the above measurements are as follows;
1. In the case of measurement of ascending patterns, there was no significant difference between measurers.
2. In the case of measurement of descending patterns, there was no significant difference in α-globulin, but in albumin and γ-globulin there was significant difference between measurers.
3. In the case of measurement of descending patterns, we have to continue electrophoresis for a long time to perfect the separation of each fraction.
4. In the case of electrophoretical experiment statistical considerations have to be given to a data obtained.

抄録全体を表示

The results of an electropholetical study on 15 healthy newborns, with Tiselius' apparatus (Type HT-B, Hitachi made) are as follows:
Pooled plasma were dialyzed for 16-20 hours, before electrophoresis, against 1/20M phosphate buffer. Experimental conditions were were as follows: electric voltage 90-130V., electric current 7.5-11mA., time 45-70 minutes, temperature at 3-16°C., Diagonal-slit angle 25°.
When compared with children,
1) total protein showed remarkable decrease,
2) albumin little or no decrease,
3) globulin remarkable decrease,
4) α-globulin remarkable decrease,
5) β-globulin remarkable decrease,
6) γ-globulin little decrease or nothing,
7) fibrinogen decrease,
8) A/G, increase,
9) α-G/A, decrease,
10) γ-G/A and γ-G/T. P. showed no remarkable differences.

抄録全体を表示

We have uudertaken this experiment to clarify the relationship between serum proteins and serum flocculation tests used as liver function test such as Thymol Turbidity Test, Cobalt Reaction, Cephalin Cholesterol Flocculation Test and Colloidal Red Test.
Using 77 samples derived from serum of patients suffering from liver diseases and other diseases, we have examined statistically relationships between serum floculation tests and serum protein fractions determined by electrophoresis.
Results obtained were are as follows:
1) Thymol Turbidity Test had the closest positive correlation with total protain concentration and total globulin, and next to these, also less close positive correlation with γ-globulin, and negative correlation with A/G ratio.
Any definite relation to albumin, α-globulin and β-globulin was not found.
2) Cobalt Reaction had the closest positive correlation with serum total protein concentration and total globulin and next to these, less close negative correlation with α-globulin and A/G ratio. We couldn't recognize definite relationship between the reaction and albumin and β-globulin.
3) We recognized significant paralell relationship between Cephalin Cholesterol Flocculation Test and decrease in albumin, increase in total globulin and decline of A/G.
4) We recognized significant paralell relationship between Colloidal Red Test and increase in total globulin and that of γ-globulin.
5) The grade of positiveness of these four serum flocculation tests are thought to be determined by many kinds of combination of each serum protein fraction which shows significant relationship. Besides, it can not be denied that other factors such as qualitative changes in serum protein and phospholipid add some effects.

抄録全体を表示

Changes in electrophoretic pattern of plasma proteins were studied in 11 cases of thracoplastik operations from the standpoint of regarding surgical operation as a stress. In addition, some indexes for adaptation responses (Ogawa's colloid reaction, Urinary glucose-total-reduction-power-ratio, etc.), changes of peripheral blood pictures, nitrogen excretion, and nitrogen balance were also studied.
The changes in plasma proteins were classified into the following three groups;
A: in which A/G was normal before operation, whereas decrease in Alb. and increase in total Glob. was obserdev after surgical operation.
B: in which A/G was very low before operation, whereas increase in Alb. and decrease in total Glob. was observed after operation.
C: in which A/G was low before operation, whereas decrease in both Alb. and total Glob. was observed after operation.
In all cases, however, it was noted that the percentage of γ-Glob-fraction was definitely lowered, suggesting a_ catabolic effect by the surgical operation. These changes became maximum at the third day following the operation, when the changes in peripheral blood picture and all indexes of adaptation responses were already on the road of recovery while the urinary excretion of nitrogen and the negative nitrogen balance were at the highest levels.

抄録全体を表示

Electrophoretic experiments of red blood cell hemolystates weve carried out on many kinds of normal animals mammalls (human, rabbit, goat), aves (cock), reptilia (snake), amphilia (toad), and pisces (crucian).
Results obtained are as follows.
1) About Hb peak
Electrophoretic patterns of human, rabbit, snake and crucian red blood cell hemolysates resembled in shape with each other, but differd in mobility. Characteristic was the fact that Hb peak of cock divided into three parts and that of goat had a special knot.
The knot in Hb peak on another patterns seemed to indicate the degenaration or the difference in the nature of erythrocytes.
2) About a-component
In all examples difference in the mobility of a-component was accompained by that in the nature of the cell membrane.
3) About c-component
It was remarkable on goat and crucian, but there this peak was not nothing recognized in other kinds of animals.
4) About b-component
It is remarkable that this peak was found only in human.

抄録全体を表示

Electrophoretic analyses of serum (Plasma) protein of rheumatic heart disease were performed, in order to prove the allergic anibody which has been expected to adhere in γ-globulin.
The results were as follows:
1) In comparison with serum (plasma) protein values of healthy adult which were reported by foreign authors, α-globulin was smaller and γ-globurin was larger, in the present experiments.
2) In 3 instances of 79 patients, T-like peaks appeared, but it was doubtful whether these peaks appearing between β and γ globulin were the allergic antibody or not.
a) Compensatory valvular diseases:
24 patients were analysed. Protein fraction levels showed no characteristic changes. In nearly all instances, myocardial damage was proved.
b) Congestive heart failure:
34 patients were investigated. Generally, albumin decreased and γ globumin increased. In many cases, α and β globulin somewhat increased but in other cases, decreased. In all cases, myocardial damage was proved.
c) Myocarditis:
16 patients were analysed. Albumin slightly decreased. α-Globulin increased in 8 patients, showed no change in one patient and decreased in 7 patients. β-Globulin was normal or increased in all cases. γ-Globulin increased in 4 patients, normal in 8 patients and decreased in 4 patients. Every patient had myocardial damage.
d) Pericarditis:
5 patients were investigated. Albumin decreased remarkably. α-Globulin increased remarkably, β-globulin was normal and γ-globulin increased. Myocardial damage was always proved.
After all, patients with rheumatic heart disease indicated almost always an elevation of γ-globulin fraction level. Serious cases were ccompanied bay high γ-globulin fraction level.
3) Patients having myocardial damage showed generally increased γ-globulin fraction level.
4) It was suggested that γ-globulin fraction level was often increased in patients who had low complement in serum.
5) On the tonsillitis as a focal infection, tonsillectomy was made. After operation, albumin increased more, α and γ globulin decreased more than before.

抄録全体を表示

We studied the relationship between Hb-concentration and plasma protein concentration of nine healthy people and 37 patients. The blood were taken early in the morning when hungry. Concentration of total plasma protein and homoglobin were measured by cupric sulfate method. Electrophoretical analyses were carried out with Tiselius apparatus using microcell.
According to Hb-concentration, we classified patients into two groups, A in which it is higher than 8g/dl and B in which it is smaller than 9.5g/dl.
Significant correlation between Hb concentration and total protein concentration was not recognized in healthy group but it was recognized as negative in A group and as positive in B Group.
No significant correlations between Hb-concentration and protein fractions were recognized in healthy and A group, but in B group, total globulin, fibrinogen, and β-globulin had positive significant correlation with Hb-concentration.
Hypoalbuminemia was accompanied by hypohemoglobinemia. When decrease of Hb-concentration was slight, total protein increased but when Hb-concentration decreased moderately, total protein decreased with Hb-concentration.

抄録全体を表示

Daily subcutaneous injection into young rabbits of 0.5cc of 3% iodo-casein in NaHCO₃ buffer (pH7.8) was continued for seven days. Electrophoretical analyses were made on the sera of the rabbits before and after the injection.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. Serum albumin decreased, alpha-globuin increased, and gamma-gloulin increased slightly after the injection of iodo-casein.
2. Separation of albumin and alpha-globulin peaks in normal rabbit serum is generally incomplete when electrophosesis is performed using phosphate buffer at pH8.0. Separation of the above two peaks in rabbit blood serum was found to be complete under the same circumstances after the injection of iodo-casein.

抄録全体を表示

Antisera against diphtheria toxin and pertussis bacillus were fractionated by salting-out at various concentrations of sodium sulfate. Supernatants and precipitates were separated by filtration. The precipitates were washed with the same concentrations of sodium sulfate solution, dialysed against running water for 24 hours and against the phosphate buffer used for the electrophoresis for 16 hours. The precipitates thus treated and the supernatants were analysed by electrophoresis.
The antibody titer of the diphtheria antitoxin was determined by the flocculation test and the intracutaneous reaction in rabbits, while the antibody titer of the pertussis antisera was estimated by the agglutination test.
A prominent peak, named T by Tiselius, was observed by the electrophoresis of the diphtheria antiserum, and a large γ₂-peak in pertussis antiserum. According to the results of the fractionation experiments, the diphtheria antitoxin appears to be found mainly in T component, while the pertussis agglutinin in γ₂-globulin. The former was precipitated almost completely at 18g/dl concentration of sodium sulfate but very little at 12g/dl, while the latter was precipitated apparently at 12g/dl and completelv at 16g/dl.
Thus the physicochemical properties of antibody melecules, that is, the solubility in concentrated salt solution and the electrophoretic mobility, were found to differ strikingly in different kinds of antigen.

抄録全体を表示

In order to clarify some relations between serum constituents and Takata's reaction, experiments, were carried out employing sera of different patients and various serum fractions prepared by electrophoretic method and Na₂SO₄-salting -out method. Summary of the results obtained are as follows.
1. In the course of titration with Takata's reagent, γ-globulin required the least volume of the reagent to cause a precipitation, then α-, β-globulin followed next, and albumin consumed the most quantity of the reagent in comparison with the other preceeding two fractions.
2. Generally, the more γ-globulin and the less albumin the sernm contains, the more they inclined to present stronger reaction in the Takata's reaction.
3. Ratio of protein constituents in serum was considered to be one of the governing factors for the out-come of Takata's reaction, but the reaction was not influenced by the protein concentration of serum.
4. Results of Takata-Domoto's reaction were influenced by both the ratio of protein constituents and the protein concentration of serum.
5. Colour changed from pink to violet with increase in the serum protein concentration in the course of Tadata's reaction. Pink colour more or less faded away with the time. The protain concentration in serum at the turning point from pink to violet stayed around 0.1% regardless of protein constituents in serum.
6. Ratio of protein constituents did not always endorse the out-come of Takata's reaction when the serum of some patient were employed. This exceptional phenomena are presumed to be caused by the factors other than the ratio of serum protein constituents.
7. Particles precipitated in the serum containing a large quantity or γ-globulin was gross in size, however, the other serum proteins produced fine particle when precipitated.

抄録全体を表示