生物物理化学
Online ISSN : 1349-9785
Print ISSN : 0031-9082
ISSN-L : 0031-9082
47 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 佐藤 健次
    2003 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 61-66
    発行日: 2003/09/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    The autonomic nervous system controlling the abdominal and pelvic organs has elaborate mechanisms to preserve its function against various surgical operations. The main sympathetic signals from the lumbar spinal cord to the pelvic organs proceed the common pathway in mammalians, which consists of the lumbar splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion (superior hypogastric plexus: in man), hypogastric nerve, pelvic plexus and its branches. On the way of this common pathway, some signals cross to the other side of the body at the level of the inferior mesenteric ganglion (superior hypogastric plexus: in man). The preganglionic axons passing through the hypogastric nerve very likely provide a bilateral innervation to postganglionic neurons in the pelvic plexuses, which also exhibit crossing to the bilateral pelvic organs. Another sympathetic nerves originating from the thoracic spinal cord possibly influence it by the hormonal system consisting of the major splanchnic nerve and the adrenal medulla. When the common sympathetic pathway is interrupted, various compensatory mechanisms are generated: enhancement of the remaining sympathetic pathways or reorganization of synaptic connection in the pelvic plexus. The parasympathetic nerve system via pelvic (splanchnic) nerve from the sacral spinal cord provide to the pelvic organs. Surgical reconstruction of the transected hypogastric nerve and pelvic nerve are possible and cross-innervation mechanism via the hypogastric nerve can also be preserved in the dog.
  • 小山 岩雄
    2003 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 67-72
    発行日: 2003/09/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    The physiological significance of sugar chains in human salivary amylase was found previously to be maltotriose hydrolysis and glucose formation. Rat liver amylases are glycosylated, suggesting that the amylase may contribute to glycogen metabolism in liver. In fact, the rat liver amylase showed higher affinity to glycogen and hydrolyzed maltotriose more rapidly than the salivary amylase did. The liver amylase has been expressed from a rat fetus in levels of catalytic activity, protein and mRNA. Moreover, in livers with accelerated amylase activity, e.g., at 2-4 weeks after birth or during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, it was found that an amylase protein, which was electrophoreticaly identical to pancreatic type, was expressed in addition to salivary type amylase. However, a restriction endonuclease assay using EcoRI after RT-PCR amplification revealed that the liver expressed only one type of amylase mRNA, but not a pancreatic type. Therefore, the pancreatic type amylase in the liver might be a different protein from the authetic pancreatic amylase.
    Liver amylase activity in humans or pigs was found to be lower than in rodents. However, the human liver amylase has been expressed in levels of protein and mRNA. A PCR product (474bp) of human liver amylase cDNA fragment was sequenced and referred to the sequence homology. The sequence was identical to the corresponding cDNA of AMY-2B, which was known to expressed in tumorous tissues. In situ hybridization also revealed the expression of AMY-2B mRNA in non-tumorous human liver.
    In evolution, livers naturally might produce high levels of amylase activity, which might contribute to glycogen metabolism. The liver amylase may, as it were, be an ancestral isozyme. As the functional specialization of salivary and pancreatic type amylases, the liver amylase thought to be degenerated in the physiological function, especially in human.
  • ERK活性化に対する二相性の作用を中心に
    長坂 祐二
    2003 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 73-77
    発行日: 2003/09/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    We examined the effect of quercetin on protein phosphorylation in stressed or proliferative cultured cells. Data shows that quercetin can activate or inhibit ERK in a biphasic manner. Modulation of protein phosphorylation may be implicated in the mechanisms of quercetin-induced cell damages such as cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.
  • 金井 弥栄
    2003 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 79-84
    発行日: 2003/09/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Human carcinogenesis has been widely considered to consist of multiple steps reflecting the accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic events. Alteration of DNA methylation is one of the most consistent epigenetic changes in human cancers. Regional DNA hypermethylation on chromosome 16, where loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has been detected in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), was demonstrated even in chronic hepatitis (CH) and liver cirrhosis (LC), which are precancerous conditions. Precancerous conditions with aberrant DNA methylation appear to rapidly generate HCCs, which are already at an advanced stage when diagnosed. CpG methylation around the promoter of the E-cadherin gene, which is located on 16q22.1, was correlated significantly with its reduced expression, resulting in destruction of tissue morphology in HCCs. DNA hypermethylation at the D17S5 locus was detected even in CH and LC, and expression of mRNA for the hypermethylated-in-cancer-1 gene, which was identified at this locus, was lower in CH and LC than in histologically normal liver. The tissue microdissection technique was then employed to dissect out individual regenerative nodules. The incidence of aberrant DNA hypermethylation in histologically normal liver from HCC patients was similar to that in CH and LC, although neither LOH nor microsatellite instability (MSI) was found in histologically normal liver. Absence of silencing of the hMLH1 gene by DNA hypermethylation is consistent with the low incidence of MSI in HCCs. DNA hypermethylation in particular, which precedes LOH, is an early event during hepatocarcinogenesis. mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 were higher in CH and LC than in histologically normal liver. The incidence of increased DNMT1 protein expression in HCCs correlated significantly with poor tumor differentiation and portal vein involvement and may be a biological predictor of both HCC recurrence and a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Overexpression of a splice variant of DNMT3b, DNMT3b4, which may lack DNA methyltransferase activity and compete with DNMT3b3, the major splice variant in normal liver tissues, for targeting to pericentromeric satellite regions, results in DNA hypomethylation on these regions, even in precancerous stages, and plays a critical role in human hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing chromosomal instability. Alteration of DNA methylation is associated with multistep carcinogenesis, and correction of DNA methylation status may offer a new strategy for preventing human cancers in patients with precancerous conditions.
  • H. pylori 感染との関連から
    鈴木 秀和, 安孫子 由佳, 小崎 健次郎, 石井 裕正
    2003 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 85-89
    発行日: 2003/09/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is now known as one of major factors to evoke gastroduodenal diseases including gastric carcinoma. In Japan, although more than 60 million people are reported to be H. pylori-positive, only less than 0.5% people suffers from gastric cancer. To know the real high risk group for the extention of preneoplastic change among H. pylori-positive cohorts, the information about the host genetic characteristics is one of the important clues. The present review summarizes the results of differences in host factors using animal model for H. pylori infection as well as human approach in the field of genetic polymorphism in relation to H. pylori infection.
  • 横溝 佳代, 東 友香, 小野瀬 久美, 岡部 敬一郎, 芝 紀代子, 小林 静子
    2003 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 91-97
    発行日: 2003/09/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have improved the agarose gel electrophoresis method reported previously for size-dependent separation of proteins. Good resolution in protein separation was achieved using a novel agarose gel, containing both sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS). The gel was divided into stacking and separating gels. We determined the optimal conditions for horizontal gel electrophoresis to be a voltage of 100V for the separating gel and 50V for the stacking gel, in an electrophoretic buffer solution of 25mM Tris-190mM glycine containing 0.03% LDS and 0.02% SDS (pH 8.3), which was also used to make the agarose gel. Separation of proteins in the molecular weight range 14.2-205K and of the proteins in human serum showed good resolution under these conditions. This method should be useful for clinical laboratories because it is simple and requires little bench space.
  • 増田 豪, 横濱 道成, 高橋 日出美, 真鍋 敬, 渡部 俊弘, 石田 光晴
    2003 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 99-104
    発行日: 2003/09/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    鹿茸と血液成分を電気泳動学的に比較した結果, 鹿茸タンパク質成分には血清由来のタンパク質成分が多く認められた. SDS-PAGEによって検出できた鹿茸全成分および鹿茸皮膚タンパク質の3成分についてN末端アミノ酸配列を決定し, 鹿茸特有タンパク質は Cuticular collagen とCollagen (K-Q-P-G-G-P-G-G-P-G-G-G-G-G) および Fibrillarin (K-Q-P-G-G-P-N-G-P-G-G-R) と同定した. また, 皮膚特有タンパク質は Hypothetical protein (S-L-P-N-A---L-Y) であった. Type IV 2-DEで検出された2成分の鹿茸特有タンパク質を含む, 計4成分の鹿茸主要成分についてMALDI TOF-MSで解析した結果, 鹿茸主要成分は Keratin およびSerotransferrin であった. 鹿茸特有タンパク質は Collagen alpha 2 (I) precursor および Keratin であり, 鹿茸成分は繊維状タンパク質が多く局在する組織であると推測された.
  • 弘田 量二, 久保 信彦, 引地 一昌, 中島 久美子, 秦 葭哉, 櫻林 郁之介
    2003 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 105-110
    発行日: 2003/09/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Forty-one unrelated Japanese patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) from the Kanto area (central region) of Japan were screened for mutations in the LDL receptor gene using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR-heteroduplex analysis methods, followed by sequencing and Southern blotting. Four previously described mutations, 1845+2T->C (by PCR-RFLP), and D412H, K790X and 327insC (by heteroduplex analysis), were positively identified. In 36 (83.7%) of the patients, mutations were not detected, and the detection rate was lower than previously reported from other regions of Japan. Our results suggest that in the Kanto area, a wide variety of the mutations may be associated with FH, and further refinement of this strategy is required to screen effectively for this disease.
  • 井伊 正則, 山本 博幸, 今井 浩三
    2003 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 111-116
    発行日: 2003/09/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) became recognized as important metabolism factor of the extracellular matrix which sends various signals to cell. More interestingly, MMPs are expressed in various cancer and they play important roles in cancer invasion and metastasis. MMPs are classified into five groups according to their basic domain structures. MMPs are secreted as latent proenzymes that are activated by agents such as protease. MMP-7 (matrilysin) has a smaller structure and higher activity than those of other MMPs. MMPs are expressed in many diseases including skeletal disease, and they have a role in bone metastasis. Besides, it has been acceptable that MMPs cleave cell membrane-bound Fas ligand and have a relation to apoptosis. In this mini review, we accumulate general informations about MMPs which were made clear until today. Additionally, we introduce the actual state of recent investigation of MMPs mainly on matrilysin.
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