生物物理化学
Online ISSN : 1349-9785
Print ISSN : 0031-9082
ISSN-L : 0031-9082
50 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1~11を表示しています
  • 林崎 良英
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 25-27
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    The FANTOM Consortium analyzed over 2 million sequences of RNAs produced from the mouse genome, obtaining more than 100, 000 full length copies of these RNAs, and used several new technologies to generate more than 20 million tags representing their starts and ends in a technical tour-de-force that provides a amazing new view of our genome. These studies clearly indicate that while proteins comprise the essential components of our cells, the development of multicellular organisms like mammals is controlled by vast amounts of regulatory noncoding RNAs that until recently have not been suspected to exist or be relevant to biology. Moreover, since most proteins are similar among mammals it also suggests that many of the differences between species may be embedded in differences in the RNA regulatory control systems, which are evolving much faster than the protein components. If correct, these findings will radically alter our understanding of genetics and how information is stored in our genome, and how this information is transacted to control the incredibly complex process of mammalian development, with major implications for the future of biological research, medicine and biotechnology.
  • 伊東 文生, 喜多 島聡
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 29-32
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    WBN/Kob rat serve as a model of spontaneous chronic pancreatitis that presents with impaired internal and external pancreatic secretion in males only, and causes fibrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration consisting mainly of monocytes in the pancreas starting at age 12 weeks. In this study, a comprehensive genetic analysis was conducted using an Oligo Microarray for the purpose of determining the mechanism of pancreatitis. The expression of the secretory stress proteins of Reg1, Reg3a, and Pap was thought to be involved in the onset of chronic pancreatitis in male WNB/Kob rats. The involvement of PRSS1was suggested with respect to the onset of human chronic pancreatitis. Since Prss1 was also highly expressed in the study rats, studies including SNP analysis are considered to be useful in the future. The activation of pancreatic stellate cells has attracted attention in fibrosis associated with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic stellate cells have been reported to be stained by nestin during pancreas damage induced by pancreatic duct ligation. Increases in expression of Nes starting at 12 weeks observed in the study rats as well is considered to constitute an interesting finding. Arg2 has been reported to be involved in NO production. Therefore, it is an interesting finding expression of Arg2 increased at 8 weeks in the male WBN/Kob rats. Pancreatic fibrosis tends to cause replacement of fatty tissue over time in male WBN/Kob rats. Since adipsin is involved in the differentiation into adipocytes, the increased expression of Adn in these rats was considered to be an interesting finding.
  • 戸田 年総
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 33-36
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Proteomics was started in a collaborative research of two groups of Humphery-Smith and Keith Williams in 1995. The proteomics played an initiative role in succeeding development of various “-omics” researches. And it should be pointed out that the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis originally reported by O'Farrell in 1975 might be the origin of the proteomics. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrated its excellent resolution in separation of proteins in crude extracts. However the 2-D gel method had yet several difficulties. The first problem was the lack in imaging analyzer for 2-D gels, and the second was the poorness in reproducibility. Those problems were later resolved by development in computer-aided image analyzers and improvement in the first-dimensional isoelectric focusing on an immobilized pH gradient.
  • 和田 芳直
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 37-40
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    In glycoproteomics, key structural issues, protein identification, locations of glycosylation sites, and the glycosylation site microheterogeneity, should be evaluated in a large number of glycoproteins. To this end, a simple and efficient method, utilizing hydrophilic binding of carbohydrate matrixes such as cellulose and Sepharose to oligosaccharides, was successfully applied to the isolation of glycopeptides from tryptic digests. Both peptide and oligosaccharide structures were elucidated by multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) of the ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. The method was applied to the analysis of glycan heterogeneities at seven N-glycosylation sites in each of the plasma and cellular fibronectins. In addition, a new O-glycosylation site was identified at Thr279. As a field work using a mass spectrometric strategy including the glycopeptide analysis described above, we have launched a screening study of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). CDG is caused by a defect of one of the nearly one hundred glycosylation or glycosidic enzymes which are involved in the assembly or processing of the N-glycans in endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus, and thus forms a very large groups of monogenic disorders. Since most glycoproteins are affected, the symptoms and signs of this syndrome is too diverse to diagnose without detailed analysis of the molecular abnormality of glycoproteins. Our activity will delineate most clearly the functional role of glycoprotein glycans in biological systems.
  • 内海 俊彦
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 41-45
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Lipid modification of protein refers to the covalent attachment of lipid such as fatty acid, isoprenoid or phospholipid to protein. Protein acylation, protein prenylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI-anchor) are known as the three major lipid modifications found in the cellular proteins. The lipid-modified proteins exert their respective physiological functions by specific membrane-protein interaction and/or protein-protein interaction mediated by the lipid moiety of the protein. Because of the lack of systematic analytical methods to detect lipid modification of protein, the number of protein found to be modified with lipid is far less than the expected number. In this review, we provide a brief summary of our recent approach to establish systematic strategy to analyze lipid modification of protein by using metabolic labeling of protein. In this strategy, using cDNA as a starting material, the susceptibility of the protein to lipid modification was evaluated by metabolic labeling in an in vitro translation system or in transfected cells.
  • 菅野 剛史
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 49-52
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Study of health and environment has been problematic. Chemical compounds hazardous to health have not been identified until after health problems have arisen. Adverse health effects are noted, the problems are discussed for the first time, and hazardous chemical compounds are then identified. Attention is paid to the removal of causative compounds, and new fields of study start to gain importance.
    For example, many chemical substances were once considered candidates for air pollution. Causative substances were confirmed through animal experiments, and studies of pollution-related health effects were conducted. Such was the case with formaldehyde related to sick house syndrome. When formaldehyde was suspected to be a substance causing the symptoms, studies of the effects of formaldehyde were begun, and levels of formaldehyde in the environment were measured. Benzopyrene is a known carcinogen and is implicated in lung cancer. When coal-burning systems were converted to oil-burning systems, levels of benzopyrene in the Sapporo area decreased markedly.
    In 1999, however, the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) law was enacted in Japan; developed nations worldwide have approved similar systems. We believe that much research into health and environment will now be conducted prospectively. It also appears that research into the problems of health and environment will be actively promoted.
  • 胎仔期および授乳期ダイオキシン曝露によるラット甲状腺過形成とその毒性メカニズム
    西村 典子
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 53-58
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on pup thyroids were investigated in the rat. Pregnant Holtzman rats, TCDD-sensitive strain, were given a single oral dose of 200ng or 800ng TCDD/kg on gestational day (GD) 15. Parameters related to the thyroid functions were examined on postnatal days (PNDs) 21 and 49. Thyroxin (T4) levels in pup serum were decreased significantly on PND21 in the TCDD-exposed groups, but a significant increase in T4 levels were found on PND49 in the higher dose group. The serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was more than 2-fold higher in male offspring as compared to the control on PNDs 21 and 49 at the higher dose of TCDD (800ng/kg). A significant induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-1 (UGT1) gene by TCDD was observed on PND 21, but returned to basal levels on PND 49. Gene expression of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) was markedly induced in the liver treated with TCDD. A single oral exposure to TCDD (800ng/kg) during perinatal period resulted in hyperplasia of the thyroid gland of pups on PND 49. This was confirmed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunocytochemistry. We thus conclude that gestational and lactational exposure to TCDD disrupts thyroid hormone homeostasis, which results in a sustained excessive secretion of TSH, leading to the hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells.
  • 太田 久吉, 中村 康宏, 大川 陽平, 大場 謙一, 大森 義文
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 59-65
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effects of cadmium (Cd) intake together with delivery-lactation to maternal renal function and bone metabolism were investigated. Increased urinary excretion of β2-MG, amino acid, and glucose was found in each groups of 2mgCd/kg and 5mgCd/kg by delivery-lactation. Moreover, bone mineral density and bone intensity of femur were decreased significantly by lactation and Cd intake, too. Moreover, bone mineral density and bone intensity of femur were also decreased significantly by lactation and Cd intake. However, these significant effect was not found in the group of 1mgCd/kg (3.5ug/kg/day intake, corresponding to Cd intake level of human). In addition, the remarkable increased osteoid volume of femur of 1mgCd/kg group was not found by Cd intake and lactation load. On the other hand, the osteoid volume of 2mgCd/kg and 5mgCd/kg were increased by Cd intake together with lactation load. The significant increase of metallothionein (MT) was not found in uterus tissue for Cd transfer of materal-to-fetrus. But the participation of MT for the inhibition of Cd transfer into fetus was suggested. Gene expression of iso-MT (I, II, III) in uterus tissue was found. But the significant increase of protein level of iso-MT-III was not found correspondingly to gene expression. From the distribution in kidney and liver of Cd on newborn infant of first day old after delivery, it was suggested that Cd of the chemical form of non-Cd-MT leaked into fetus through blood-placenta barrier and accumulated in liver.
  • 鈴木 潤
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 67-70
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    The microbial environment is an essential aspect of the discussion of“genvironment and health”, due to our close coexistence with microorganisms. Furthermore, on a daily basis, bacteria cause food poisoning in humans through food intake, with as many as 90% of food poisoning cases being of bacterial origin. In addition, the Food Hygiene Law classifies etiological agents responsible for food poisoning into 16 types, many of which produce hemolytic toxins as pathogenic factors. Since these toxins are protein toxins, their properties can be determined by electrophoresis analysis. The toxin properties have also been analyzed by conducting osmotic protection and hemolysis inhibition experiments, as well as through determination of their ultrastructure and hemolytic efficiency. Hemolytic efficiency is expressed numerically as a function of streptolysin O (SLO) concentration and hemolysis level, or in other words, the concentration dependency of SLO from the lowest hemolysis level to complete hemolysis. These findings will contribute to the treatment and prevention of food poisoning.
  • 其木 茂則
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 71-73
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    On the basis of eight full-length cDNA base sequences of laccase from Trametes versicolor (T. versicolor) registered in the sequence data base of National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI), laccases from T. versicolor were classified into four groups (laccase 1-4) according to the sequence homology over 95%. Four primer sets for the cloning of each of four laccase genes were prepared, respectively, and then the cloning of full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) for each of four genes was performed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method with the total RNA from T. versicolor as a template and each primer set. As a result, each full-length cDNA of four genes was obtained, and that the sequence homology among cDNAs of four genes was not more than ca. 75%. The synthesis of laccase protein for each of four laccase genes was confirmed using the in vitro expression system with wheat germ, and each protein having molecular weight of ca. 56, 000 that is the same as the calculated mass in accordance with the predicted amino acid sequence was detected on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
  • 田澤 英克, 坂口 和子, 鈴木 潤
    2006 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 75-80
    発行日: 2006/06/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    本研究では, 微量血漿分析に有用な迅速化ミクロポリアクリルアミドゲル2次元電気泳動法 (RM2D-PAGE) を用いてメダカ (Oryzias latipes) 1個体の血漿タンパク質を分析することを試みた. その結果, 平均30個のタンパク質スポットを得て, メスではpI5.5から7.5, 115kDaから200kDaの特定の領域に特徴的なスポットが多いという性差を確認し, 加えて, スポットそれぞれのタンパク量を定量化した.
    さらに, ウエスタンブロット法を用いてVTGの同定を行い, メス血漿においてはpI5.5から8.0の範囲に, 200kDaと400kDaの2種類のVTGスポットを検出した.
    これらのことより, RM2D-PAGEは他の分析法では不可能であった単一個体からの分析を可能にし, 加えて, メダカVTG分析にも応用可能であることが示された.
feedback
Top