In 1954, Kuroda
3) discovered that the intensity of the light passing through the flowing erythrocyte suspension is greater than that through the resting suspension and called this phenomenon the “streaming transparency”, introducing as a quantitative expression of the shape of erythrocyte
5-19).
The optical density (
A) of the cytosoid
4), such as erythrocyte suspension, is generally expressed by the following equation
20):
A=log{
I0/
Ip+
fIs}, 0<
f<1…(1)
where
I0 means the intensity of incident light,
Ip is the light intensity passed through the medium,
Is is the light intensity scattered by the cytosoidal particles and
f is the proportion of the scattered light received by the photoelectric tube to the total
Is. When the optical density of the flowing suspension is expressed by the following equation:
A'=log{
I0/
Ip'+
f'Is'}…(2)
the streaming transparency is given by
A-
A'=log
Ip'+
f'Is'/
Ip+
fIs…(3)
In the case of the particles which strongly scatter the light, the streaming transparency of the suspension,
A-
A', is larger than zero at the low particle concentration, because in the flowing state the increase of
fIs is superior to the decrease of
Ip, namely,
f'Is'-
fIs>
Ip-
Ip'. However, it is smaller than zero at the high particle concentration in consequence of the mutual effect of opal glass action of layers in the suspension (Fig. 7, Table 2). The streaming transparency of erythrocyte suspension at the wave length except Soret band of hemoglobin belongs to this group (Fig. 9).
On the contrary, in the case of the particles which strongly absorb the light, the streaming transparency is smaller than zero at the low concentration of particle, because the decrease of
Ip is superior to the increase of
fIs in the flowing state, namely,
Ip-
Ip'>
f'Is'-
fIs. And it becomes larger than zero at the high concentration as the result of the mutual effect of absorption among each layer of the suspension (Table 3). The streaming transparency of erythrocyte suspension at the wave length of Soret band belongs to this group (Figs. 11, 13). However, when the particles in the suspension do not scatter the light entirely, the streaming transparency of the suspension is always smaller than zero irrespective of the particle concentration (Fig. 12).
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