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Volume 30 (1964)
- Issue 6 Pages 489-
- Issue 5 Pages 353-
- Issue 3-4 Pages 3-
- Issue 2 Pages 115-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 30, Issue 3-4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Shiro MasudaArticle type: Article
1965 Volume 30 Issue 3-4 Pages 221-225
Published: March 30, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (443K) -
KAORU UGAWAArticle type: Article
1965 Volume 30 Issue 3-4 Pages 226-245,1
Published: March 30, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe productivity of land is examined on three manors in Holderness, the possession of Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Devon and Aumale, during the period from 1236 to 1293. The three manors of Keyingham, Little Humber and Easington represent three different types of manor. Easingtion was the oldest settlement of the three, and was a classical manor (with manor house), and consisted of demesne and villein land (with no labour services), which lay intermixed in two fields. Keyingham consisted of demesne (no manor house) and villein land (with no labour services). The three-course rotation (wheat→oats, baarley and/or beans→fallow) was followed in three fields which were the result of recent re-allotment. Little Humber was a grange type manor with no villein land, and comprised enclosed fields which were reclaimed from the Humber. The yield in quarters per quarter of seed per acre and yield per arce and given in the tables and the fluctuation of ratio is shown in the charts (wheat in table and chart I on page 17, oats in table II on page 19, barley intable and chart III on page 21, and beans in table and chart IV on page 22). The main conclusions obtained from the analysis of these date are as follows: the fluctuation of the ratio was influenced mainly by the conditons of weather, with the difference of the average standards of ratio on these three manors (highest in Littler Humber, lowest in Easington) closely correlated to the difference of soil formation, the field system and manorial structue; and the rapid growth of productivity from the end of '70s to the beginning of '80s closely correlated with the introduction of legumes into rotation in Keyingham and Little Humber, and with the intensive manuring with dung from sheepholds in Little Humber.View full abstractDownload PDF (1702K) -
KINGO YAMADAArticle type: Article
1965 Volume 30 Issue 3-4 Pages 246-271,2
Published: March 30, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis article reconsiders a roll of 'Lehnswesen'on the formation of 'Landesstaat' in Germany on which there is opposite interpretations between Dr. Heinrich Mitteis and Dr. Otto Brunner. This conflict of interpretation, apart from their different views on theoretical camprehension, seems to be resulted mainly from general deficiency of study on the feudal system of 'Landesstaat'. Using several studies recently appeared-particularly Dr. E. Klebel's study on 'east-south' and Dr. G. Theuerkauf's study on 'north-west' Germany, author makes clear a fact that 'Lehnswesen' did not play a key roll in the formation of 'Lehnsstaat'.View full abstractDownload PDF (2254K) -
TOYOYUKI SABATAArticle type: Article
1965 Volume 30 Issue 3-4 Pages 272-292,2-3
Published: March 30, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIt cannot be denied that the natural or agricultural economy had been predominant in both the feudal ages of Japan and France or Occident. The basis of natural economy, however, was different from each other. Japanese agriculture often called "gardening", did not necessitate any use of animal and had no connection with the stock raising. It was exclusively a cerealsproduction. On the contrary, there was an intimate connecton between the cereals production and the stock raising in Occidental agriculture. From the viewpoint of Japanese, the essence of Occidental agriculture had been in practising the stock raising, and even after the development of cereals-production, it was always accompanied by the stock raising. In other words, Occidental agriculure, apart from the Japanese, was to be ruled by the pattern of stock raising. Feudal ages of Occident, therefore, is supposed to begin when the combination of cereals-production and stock raising made an appearance. So, concerning the formation of French or Occidental feudalism, we can distinguish following three atages. 1) The proto-feudal stage of 9th and 10th centuries where the stock raising had been predominant and the cereals-production negligible. The so-alled classical manor, e.g. the 9th century maanor of the Abbaye of St. Germain des Pres, could not have recourse to the exploitation of the surplus of cereals from its dependent farmers except few cases. The most universal form of rent it required was one of live-stock (eggs, chickens, oxen, sheeps, pigs, etc.), and then came the forced labor (corvee). 2) The first feudal stage of 11th and 12th centuries when the "agricultural revolution" proposed by Georges Duby had developped. In this stage the production-rise of cereals was enormous and radical due to the diffusion of three field system, the extension of cultivated land and the intensification of ploughing. Consequently, it became possible for the territorial seigneur to exploit dependent farmers more effectively and to establish himself as a real feudal lord. 3) The second feudal stage of 13th cenury and thereafter when some of cultivated land had been deserted and the stock raising flourished again. Riches, seigneurs or upper citizens, appropriated the considerable dimension of land, especially the so-called common land where had been theretofore opened to the use of dependent farmers and practised the profitable stock raising. Farmers excluded from the common land, were obliged to resort to the stock raising on their arable land. Thus, the practice of theree field system was intensified, and the calender of agriculture collectivized. Rual communities were established everywhere, and began to control the seeding and harvesting of their inhabitants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1783K) -
KIN-ICH WATANABEArticle type: Article
1965 Volume 30 Issue 3-4 Pages 293-329,1-2
Published: March 30, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSL'histoire sociale et economique de l'empire byzantin possede un double aspect; l'un, celui de la continuite avec le monde antique, l'autre, celui du synchronisme avec la societe feodale d'Occident. D'ou il surgit des problemes tres delicats sur la feodalite byzantine, et plusieurs byzantinologues de dfferents pays s'en occupent et leurs opinions divergent depuis quelques annees. Ce rapport complementaire, en faisant une mise an point des diverses propositions et discussions qui ont eu lieu sur ce sujet, essaie de mettre en relief le monde byzantin, compare, dans son ideologie politique et dans sa substrtucture, avec la societe feodale d'Occident. Pour les details, on se referera a l'article, Kin-ichi Watanaabe, Problemes de la "feodalite" byzantine. Une mise an point sur les diverses discussions. Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 5, No. 1. 1965 pp. 32-40 (a suivre).View full abstractDownload PDF (3115K) -
Zen-ichi YamaseArticle type: Article
1965 Volume 30 Issue 3-4 Pages 330-347
Published: March 30, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (1611K) -
Article type: Bibliography
1965 Volume 30 Issue 3-4 Pages 3-1
Published: March 30, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (161K)
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