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Volume 36 (1970)
- Issue 6 Pages 497-
- Issue 5 Pages 399-
- Issue 4 Pages 307-
- Issue 3 Pages 199-
- Issue 2 Pages 95-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 36, Issue 5
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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YOSHIHIKO AMINOArticle type: Article
1971 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 399-424,496
Published: January 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDuring the Middle Ages, fishermen along the coast and rivers of Japan formed a distinct group whose life was quite different from that of peasant farmers. We can roughly divide them into four types: (1) wandering fishermen, (2) privileged fishermen, (3) bond fishers, and (4) free fishermen. Let us discuss them in turn. (1) We do not know very much about wandering fishers since they left little records, but their existence cannot be denied. (2) Among the privileged group were palatine or religious servants. They obtained the privilege in fishing and trade by subordinating themselves to the authority, and their obligation was to deliver certain amounts of fish to their lords. Though the right to use the waters was a common right in its origin, it became the privilege of a certain authority, especially that of the emperor. As a result, the privilege was granted by the emperor. (3) The unfree fishemen did not own ships, nets, etc. and were subject to the will of their lords. They formed a group called ichirui or tou and usually operated with two ships. Later, they became to own ships and settled on the coastal land. Their lords were called "pirates" who engaged in martime activities. (4) The free fishermen formed a community with class differentiation, and owned their ships. They settled on the coast and also engaged in salt production and coastal trade. Free and unfree fishermen, after settlement, developed a customary right to rule the waters, and their interests crushed with those of privileged fishermen. Though the right of the former became dominant and established by the beginning of the Modern period, the privilege of the latter did not vanish from the scene. Since this privilege is closely related to the imperial power, it is important to clarify the privielge in order to understand the emperor system and the reason of its continuity.View full abstractDownload PDF (2174K) -
SHIRO KITODAArticle type: Article
1971 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 425-449,495
Published: January 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWhen we examine the economic foundation of the Meiji Restoration, we presume the development of capitalism to a certain extent. This view was advanced by Shiso Hattori before W.W.II, and its was succeeded by Tatsuya Naramoto and Goro Fujita after the end of the war. However, it is weii known that farm villages all over the country were in serious economic desolation after the middle Edo period. It was especially serious in Tohoku and Kanto districts. Recent historians, therefore, argue that capitalism could scarcely develop under such a condition. We will examine whether or not there was a development of capitalism in farm villages in Kanto district, especially in a village of Mito-han. In Mito-han, the number of household and population diminished sharply in all over the area. The population reached its peak 1726, and decreased by 30 percent during the period of eighty years afterwards. Although it began to increase in the early nineteenth century, the increase was very slow. During the period of declining population, the Han government and rural villeges were in depressed condition. The northern area, where natural condition was poor, was especially hard hit. In Senda village, about 40 percent of arable land was desolated, and almost all the village officials, who were large landowners, were degraded to poor peasants. Nontheless, the penetration of market economy could be observed in this village. By the early nineteenth century, fifty-six among seventy-six farm househods were engaged in paper production, and most of the farmers had some sideworks in slack season. The farmer in the middle class became prosperous through the production of paper for market in the early nineteenth century, while those in the upper class were poverished. The same tendency can be perceived in a neighboring village of Kobune. In other words, we can see the rise and development of embryonic capitalists, or petit bourgeois, in Mito-han villages.View full abstractDownload PDF (1993K) -
YUZO YAMAMOTOArticle type: Article
1971 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 450-473,494
Published: January 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, to reexamine and appreciate the decade after the Russo-Japanese War, which is relatively neglected in Japanese economic history so far, and secondly but mainly, to analyze the role of foreign capital as one of the most important factors conditioning the economic growth of this period. On reviewing the growth pattern and its internal structure, we basically depend on the empirical studies of Prof. Kazushi Ohkawa, anp ascertain the existence of the "investment spurt" (or "an exprosive increase in the rate of fixed capital formation, accompanied by an accelerated rate of output growth") in this period. Then, we devote the last two sections to the analysis of the dual contribution of the imported capital to the spurt respectively: (1) the supply of foreign exchanges which enabled the import of additional capital goods and sevices, and (2) the finance of investment funds mainly through a stimulus to the money market.View full abstractDownload PDF (1806K) -
ZENSUKE NISHIKAWAArticle type: Article
1971 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 474-480
Published: January 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (702K) -
HIROKICHI TAYAArticle type: Article
1971 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 481-484
Published: January 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (445K) -
KOZABURO KATOArticle type: Article
1971 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 484-487
Published: January 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (475K) -
KAZUO YAMAGUCHIArticle type: Article
1971 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 487-489
Published: January 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (363K) -
TAKASHI KOTONOArticle type: Article
1971 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 489-492
Published: January 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (422K) -
Article type: Bibliography
1971 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 494-496
Published: January 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (132K)
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