巻号一覧
40 巻, 1 号
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高瀬 弘一郎原稿種別: 本文
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 1-24,106
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスThe early Jesuit missionaries in Japan supported themselves by several ways, the major one of which was to gain income through the trade. It was proceeded by their participation in the Portuguese silk trade with Japan with Macao as its trading base. At that time, the way of gaining the revenue for they missionar works through the commercial activities was not a peculiar way of the Jesuits. Other religious bodies that participated in evangelizing Japan had also relation to the trade, and such activities were also seen in the various missionary territories in Asia. But it may be said that in comparison with others, the Jesuit trade in Japan was the most important. The circumstances under which the Jesuits gained the income by joining in the trade were those the propagation of Christianity, at that time, formed a link in the chain of the national policies of such European colonial powers as Portugal and Spain. Here I treat of the Jesuit annual profit from the silk trade, based on the documents preserved in the Archives of the Society of Jesus in Rome. It is difficult to know the correct amount of profit. What the various documents tell of the sum of the trade is diverse, because of the writers' misunderstanding and intentional misreport. The annual profit would have been, approximately, 4,000-8,000 cruzados or more, and the rate of profit 30-50% or more. This revenue from trade was indispensable for the Jesuits in Japan, for about two thirds of the annual expenditure was provided by it.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1760K) -
小岩 信竹原稿種別: 本文
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 25-50,106-105
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスIn the early Meiji era, the commercial unity of the whole country had not been accomplished and there were many local markets in Japan. They were connected by the intermediary trade, especially by the trade of seaway. Under such circumstances, the wholesale price fluctuated widely, especially in 1878-1888, and it is said that among the prices of many goods, the price of rice fluctuated notably. This paper tries to clarify how the price of rice fluctuated, and why the trends in the prices became different among many goods under the commercial circumstances of the early Meiji era. The conclusions are as follows: 1) There was a close correlation between the price of rice in the central city market and most rural country markets. 2) Close correlation of the price of rice among urban and rural markets was attained by the role of inner intermediary trade, which was sustained by the distributing function of many rural ports. In such intermediary trade, the flow of rice was most frequent. 3) The effect of such close correlation of price of rice among markets made its fluctuation countrywide and notable, as well as the effects of production and consumption which were nearly constant. 4) The difference of commercial circumstances of many goods influenced the differentiation of the trends in their prices to a great extent. In order to reach the conclusions, this paper tests the data of the price of rice and the commercial behaviour of merchants mainly in the Tsuchizaki port and the country markets near Tsuchizaki.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2020K) -
高橋 和男原稿種別: 本文
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 51-75,105-104
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスThis article has two purposes : One is to clarify the process of feudalization in North Wales from the tenth century onward, and the other to assess the effects of Edwardian Cenquest in 1282-3 on it. This work is based on the analysis of the Extent of Honour of Denbigh 1334. In some authorized expositions of the Extent, those of F.Seebohm and P.Vinogradoff, the Welsh, so far have been thought as the normadic pastoralist throughout middle ages since the dawn of history; above all, they observed, in North Wales there had persistently remainded what is called the Celtic Tribal System. Now, upon these normadically-biased views about early Welsh society and economy, some doubts seem to be being thrown with the increasing use of various kinds of auxiliary methods. The recent studies, especially by G.R.J. Jones, show how the classical theory has lost it's grounds in regard to the generalization, and thus how it needs more detailed reexaminations from a new point of view. Here, Jones's conclusion that agrarian economy or arable farming appears to have been old-established probably throughout Wales, is most suggestive of all for us to form the new idea of early Wlaes. Indeed, North Wales had already reached to the phase of arable farming so far as quasimanorial estates were concerned, which belonged to tribal 'chiefs' or 'kings', or else tribal lord of 'argluyd', before it was conquered by Edward I. This manorial estate called 'maenol', contained a demesne vill as the center of the manor, in which the villeins of a 'maertref' were engaged in arable works under the control of land-reeve (maer). And other villein hamlets called 'taeog trefts' were also connected with this demesne land for the purpose of serving the lord. But, the mode of such estate-management, very similar to that of England, was, of corse, neither a mere of ancient tribal rendering-system, nor even pure transplantation from the advanced and neighbouring country. For Denbigh Extent proves that the tribal land-system in Wales was fairly changed with the gradual expansion of land-occupation by individuals, and the attachment to the land itself caused immediately some social and economic unequality. In fact, we can vividly see such differentiations among both the free and unfree, in the commote (half-hundred) of Kaymergh, situated near the Border. Apparently, these circumstances in North Wales before the Conquest led it to the formation of the feudal land-system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2026K) -
松本 四郎原稿種別: 本文
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 76-85
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスPDF形式でダウンロード (887K) -
古島 敏雄原稿種別: 本文
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 86-88
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスPDF形式でダウンロード (348K) -
荒居 英次原稿種別: 本文
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 88-91
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスPDF形式でダウンロード (474K) -
加々美 光行原稿種別: 本文
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 91-94
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスPDF形式でダウンロード (474K) -
角山 榮原稿種別: 本文
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 94-97
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスPDF形式でダウンロード (443K) -
桑原 莞爾原稿種別: 本文
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 97-99
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスPDF形式でダウンロード (366K) -
原稿種別: 文献目録等
1974 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 104-106
発行日: 1974/06/25
公開日: 2017/11/29
ジャーナル オープンアクセスPDF形式でダウンロード (136K)
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