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Volume 53 (1987)
- Issue 6 Pages 749-
- Issue 5 Pages 607-
- Issue 4 Pages 449-
- Issue 3 Pages 271-
- Issue 2 Pages 135-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 53, Issue 5
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Mitsuhiko KIMURA, Takashi URANAGASEArticle type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 607-635
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to analyse, on the basis of Japanese consular reports and other historical records, money and prices in Korea after the 1880s. Main conclusions are the following. (1) Inflation characterized the Korean economy at the last stage of Yi rule. Debasement and overissue of currency was responsible for the inflation. (2) There was a noticeable regional difference in the rate of inflation after 1880. The Seoul-Inch'on area experienced a high rate of currency depreciation, whereas Pusan and Wonsan did a lower rate of it. Behind this contrast was division of the currency area. The traditional unitary currency area was divided into two parts as a result of the issue of debased currency. This happened because the authoritative power to force circulation of the debased currency did not reach regions remote from the capital. (3) Generally, relaive prices turned favorable to agriculture, as trade with Japan developed. As a consequence, specialization in agriculture proceeded. Of agricultural products, however, raw cotton lost its importance since demand for domestic cotton cloths decreased. A fall in cotton crop and domestic spinning and weaving produced surplus of labor, especially of female labor, in the farms. All in all, the currency system in Korea after the opening of ports was in chaos more than ever. The economic impact of this chaotic currency system and expansion of foreign trade was different from region to region. After 1905, the Japanese government replaced the Yi government in Korea and at the same time the order replaced the chaos in the currency system.View full abstractDownload PDF (2330K) -
Yoshikazu YAGIArticle type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 636-660
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn October 1882, the Bank of Japan was opened. In the next year the Bank of Japan lent money to the Kyodo Un'yu Kaisha (a shipping company). This loan was made without security. According to the Bank of Japan Act, the Bank of Japan was prohibited to lend without security. Why did the Bank of Japan carry out such lending ? The Kyodo Un'yu Kaisha was established in January 1883 by the Meiji Government high officials. By this establishment, they intended to strike down the Mitsubishi Kaisha (a shipping company), which they regarded as a sponsor of thier political rivals. Then these political rivals had been purged from the government office, owing to the 188l coup d'etat. Establishment of the Bank of Japan also resulted from the 1881 coup d'etat. Through the conspiracy of the coup d'etat, a memorandum concerning the establishment of a central bank was submitted by Matsukata. After the coup d'etat, Matsukata became the Minister of Finance. Thus the Bank of Japan was established. When the Kyodo Un'yu Kaisha applied to the Bank of Japan for an unsecured loan, the Bank of Japan hesitated. However, since Matsukat ordered the Bank of Japan to do so, the Bank of Japan was compelled to make a loan to this company. In spite of this loan, the Kyodo Un'yu Kaisha failed in competition with the Mitsubishi Kaisha, and these two companies were amalgamated. As a result of this amalgamation, the Nihon Yusen Kaisha was born. In the process of the negotiation for the amalgamation, coalition between Matsukata and Kawata (an executive of the Mitsubishi Kaisha) was attained. After that, Kawata was appointed to the president of the Bank of Japan. Meanwhile, the Bank of Japan also lent to the Nihon Yusen Kaisha against the security of shares of the company. Lending against the security of shares was prohibited one. In this case as well Matsukata ordered the Bank of Japan, and this loan was carried out.View full abstractDownload PDF (2077K) -
Shinji SUGAYAMAArticle type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 661-696
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe breakout of World War l (WWI, hereafter), which spurred on Japanese industrializaion, brought about remarkable changes in the circumstances of staff, especially junior staff in industry: bureaucratization of business enterprises, and expansion of secondary and higher education. The purpose of this paper is to make it clear what kind of changes in employment management of junior staff came about responding to these new circumstances after WWI, with special reference to Hitachi Ltd. Hitachi Ltd. first embarked on electrical machinery manufacturing in 1910. Its chief strategy in employment management at the early stage was to secure highly-educated engineers. In fact, graduates from higher schools occupied 64% of all the recruits of senior staff between 1912 and 1915. However, recruits of lower-class engineers graduating from secondary technical schools (Kogyogakko) employed as junior staff were few until after 1916. During WWI Hitachi developed into one of the biggest factories, but such a rapid growth was not without confusion in its production system. Moreover, reentry of foreign companies into the Japanese market after the end of WWI accelerated competition, and the prices of products declined sharply. Thus, Hitachi was forced to adjust and expand management organization on a large scale to further control over production process. This increased importance of the role of junior staff remarkably. The number of recruits from secondary technical schools showed a sharp increase after 1916. In the 1920s, when the staff market underwent a complete transformation through expansion of secondary education and the panic of 1920, the majority of junior staff in demand came to be supplied by regulary recruiting graduates from secondary schools throughout Japan. As a result, in the early 1920s the graduates of secondary schools occupied 64% of all the recruits of junior staff. In the late 1920s the rate rose to 90%, and at the same time, chances of promotion from workers to junior staff decreased sharply. Therefore, it should be safe to say that distinction between graduates from secondary and higher schools and non-graduates came to be fixed as stratification between staff and workers in the late 1920s.View full abstractDownload PDF (2848K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 697-700
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (442K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 700-703
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (446K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 703-707
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (565K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 708-711
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (432K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 711-715
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (546K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 715-719
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (519K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 720-723
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (445K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 723-727
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (521K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 727-730
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (417K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 730-733
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (424K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 734-736
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (342K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 737-740
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (418K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 740-743
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (355K) -
Article type: Bibliography
1987 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 746-748
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (164K)
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