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Volume 55 (1989)
- Issue 6 Pages 713-
- Issue 5 Pages 555-
- Issue 4 Pages 407-
- Issue 3 Pages 261-
- Issue 2 Pages 121-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 55, Issue 6
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Peter Mathias, [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 713-734
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
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Tatsuyuki KARASAWAArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 735-767
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSeventeenth-century England saw the growh of provincial towns. This article examines the economic development of one of the provincial capitals, Norwich. It focuses on the occupational structure of the city and on the connection between the city and other towns as well as its hinterland. The occupational stucture of the city which appears in the freemen register of the city sugests that throughout the seventeenth century the urban economy was becoming specialized in the worsted industry. The flourishing of the worsted industry was attributed to the function of the city as the centre of the Norfolk worsted industry: the organization of spinners by town wool combers who were putters-out, the tendency of the weaving process to centre on the city from its hinterland, and the monopoly of the finishing process by town finishers, all of which made the city the core of the organization of the Norfolk worsted industry. This tendency to specilize in one industry did not exclude other economic functions of the city. The basic industries such as food and drink, clothing and building trades gave considerable employment to the townsmen. The city was also the centre of intra-and inter-local trade. The development of the commercial function was based on the development of the social division of labour in the economic hinterland of the city. The pre-industrial urban economies have often been characterized by their unspecialized nature. It is true, but, compared with other commercial towns like York of which the growth of the population was stable, the tendency to specialize in the worsted industry must have made possible the urban growth as that of Norwich. Therefore, the tendency to specialize was important in pre-industrial urban economies which encouraged urban grwth and alsointegrated the regional economy into the national economy.View full abstractDownload PDF (2751K) -
Wan Shung HWANGArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 768-796
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn this paper, I argue that the commercial and technical ingenuity of Japan's wholesalers(ton'ya) were crucial to the prosperity of its small-and medium-sized manufactures during its industrial revolution period. This point is generally overlooked by conventional low-wage theories. Towards the turn of the 19th century, China and India initiated and expanded small-and medium-sized manufactures using technology imported from Europe. Japan successfully advanced into those markets and overwhelmed not only native manufactures but also established Euroyean commercial powers. How then could Japan, having joined late in the competition, dominate small-and medium-sized manufacture markets in those countries? In attempting to answer this question, this paper examines Japan's small-and medium-sized manufacture's export products during this period, based upon case study results. I have found: (1) During this period, Japanese high-quality glass-ware was competing with German common glassware for the Chinese market. In this competition, Japanese wholesalers led Japan to domination of the market with following initiatives: they eagerly imported European technology for glass-making, surveyed the Chinese market(especially its pattern and design preferences), and established firms with skilled laborers and capital in China. In this way, Japna came to control approximately 40% of the Chinese import glassware market. (2) In India, glass-beads were the most important item in the glassware market. Japanese wholesalers' apt employment of capital and invention of a glass-bead manufacturing machine led them to dominate the Indian glass-ware market as well, which had been controlled by Austria, until that time.View full abstractDownload PDF (2359K) -
Akira SHIMOYAMAArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 797-824
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSRice was grown successfully in South Carolina by 1696. By the early 18th century, with prodigious innovations and with the slave system on a large scale, it became a major export crop of the region. Rice planting became extremely profitable and Charleston rice exports rose from 10,000 pounds in 1698 to over 20 million by 1730. In this paper, "innovation and slavery in the World System" is a fundamental concept to exlain the rice industry in the era of the British Commercial Revolution[from the mid-17th century to 1776]. Part I of this paper examines the origin, expansion and development, and character of rice cultivation compared with other types of plantations. In Part II, the dynamics of the trade and price of the crop in relation to the Commercial Revolution are considered. To investigate the rice markert in the emergence of the modern global economy is also an object of this study. This paper criticizes old views which stressed the stagnancy of the colonial Lower South, and indicates that rice plantation expanded rapidly and brought about a lot of institutional transformations based on prodigious improvements and modern slavery.View full abstractDownload PDF (2524K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 825-828
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
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[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 828-830
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
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[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 831-834
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (491K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 834-837
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (522K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 837-839
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (396K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 839-841
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (379K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 842-845
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (455K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 845-848
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (489K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 849-851
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (372K) -
Article type: Bibliography
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 862-864
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
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Article type: Index
1990 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 865-870
Published: March 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (242K)
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