巻号一覧
58 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
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岡田 泰男原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 1-6,116
発行日: 1992/05/25
公開日: 2017/09/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスIt is axiomatic that each age writes history anew, but the urge to reinterpret and rewrite history has never been so great. The historical process seems to be suddenly accelerated in an astonishing way since 1989. The tragic incident at Tiananmen Square, the revolutions in Eastern Europe, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the reunification of Germany, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union......these events occured so suddenly and swifrly that we were virtually at a loss for words and thoughts. Although the practical implications of these chages have been explained by various commentators, the bearning upon history is beyond our easy grasp. A thirst for historical interpretation, however, is keenly felt among the members of historical guild. We do have a unique opportunity and a novel obligation. It is the purpose of this session to consider how to address ourselves to this opportunity and obligation in respective area of historical study.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (524K) -
湯沢 威原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 7-29,115
発行日: 1992/05/25
公開日: 2017/09/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスThis paper aims to consider new trends in British economic history from the Industrial Revolution to the time of Imperialism. Britain's image in Japan has changed drastically since the Second World War. At first the British economy and society was thougt of as a model of modern capitalism that post-war Japan should strive to imitate, but especially after the oil shock in 1973, the stark contfasts between a rising and declining economy were made and the British economy seemed as 'British Disease', which early started countries were destined to be infected with. In the meantime, lots of studies have upset traditional explanations, for instance, of the Industrial Revolution and the Imperialism. New ideas on the British Industrial Revolution are stressing the comparatively slow growth of economy at that time. N. F. R. Crafts is a representative of the new school with using various statistical methods. His finding is highly appreciated in the writing of this paper with the analysis of the size of factories and the number of their employees, and the number of steam powers equipped by the factories. As for British imperialism, the questions whether the imperialism was harmful or beneficial to the British are hotly discussed recently and I tend to agree with those who argue that the British could not obtain benefits, as a whole, from the rule over India and other dominions. In fact individuals might get profits from the investment and business with colonies, but as a nation, Britain might suffer the loss from its controlling the colonies. In the end, these problems must be discussed within the broader context of the British society. The ideas of'Gentlemanly Capitalism' presented by Cain and Hopkins emphasizes that the landed and financial interests were a crucial background of Imperialism. I tend to share this view.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2050K) -
大西 健夫原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 30-45,114
発行日: 1992/05/25
公開日: 2017/09/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスDie deutsche Geschichte seit dem 19. Jh. ist eine Geschichte der Bildung des nationalen Staates und der Integration des Innenmarktes, wobei es sich um die Erweiterung und auch die Abgrenzung des nationalen Marktes handelte. Waehrend noch in der Nationalen Versammlung von 1848 ueber die grossdeutsche bzw. kleindeutsche Loesung geredet wurde, schied Oesterreich bei der Bildung eines Zollvereins zwischen dem norddeutschen Bund und den sueddeutschen Staaten endgueltig aus dem Deutschland aus, das im Jahre 1871 die Nation und den Staat zum Deutschen Reich zusammenfuehrte. Auffallend ist beim ersten Anblick der neuen Staatsbildung und damit der Erweiterung des neuen Wirtschaftsraumes die Tatsache, dass die deutsche Wirtschaft jeweils einen Boom unerwarteten Ausmasses erlebte, wenn man den Zeitraum ab Mitte des 19. Jhs. in Betracht zieht, fuer den man ueber makrooekonomische Daten verfuegen kann. Dies ist sowohl bei der Bildung des norddeutschen Bundes von 1867 sowie dem Deutschen Reich von 1871 als auch bei der Wiedervereinigung der beiden deutschen Staaten von 1990 def Fall. Diese Studie setzt sich zum Ziel, den Mechanismus und die Folgen des wirtschaftlichen Aufschwungs, der bei der jeweiligen Erweiterung und Integration des Marktes zustande gekommen ist, zu klaeren. Ausgangspunkt ist der Boom der deutschen Wirtschaft von 1990/91, der durch die Wiedervereinigung der beiden deutschen Staaten hefvorgehoben worden ist, da fuer dessen Analyse umfangreiche Wirtschaftsdaten und theoretische Ansaetze zur Verfuegung stehen. Aufgrund der daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wird der Versuch unternommen, in erster Linie den Boom von 1867/8 als Parallele zu untersuchen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1339K) -
奥田 央原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 46-59,113
発行日: 1992/05/25
公開日: 2017/09/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスIt is well known, though by far the least investigated, that collectivization of agriculture in the USSR ended in a tragic famine in the grain-producting areas in 1932-33. This paper, based mainly on a secret material of the GPU, aims at making it clear tha hunger among the peasantry in the grain-producing areas began at the end of 1929 as an immediate result of introduction on the 1929-30 grain procument year of the so-called village plan(pocelennii plan). It was a kind of quota system, levied on the peasant societies(communes and kolkhozez) as a whole, and the system itself survived practically until the Gorbachev peroid, though the offical names and details changed in various ways. The hunger, caused by the new procurement policy, was deepened by the embarkment of wholesale collectivization, which at the beginning of 1930 collected seeds from the peasantry for the spring sowing camoaign. Activists, mobilized for the all-out drive of collectivization, were ordered to prohibit peasants from eating seed grains. The GPU material reported Stalin, Molotov, Yagoda and others that many peasants were starved to death in the Volga regions, North Caucasus, Siberia and so on. This process coincided with the beginning of the end of the Russian peasant commune(zemel'noe obshchstvo). The land of kolkhozes became a de factostate land, and private plots of kolkhozniks became almost the only source of their existence. It is worth noticing that in middle of the 1930s repartitioning of private plots was widespread to a certain degree.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1318K) -
橋本 寿朗原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 60-90,112
発行日: 1992/05/25
公開日: 2017/09/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスFor anyone who thinks of the advanced economic model such as the U.K. and U.S. economies, the recent performance of Japanese Economy comes as a surprise. But now is time for us, Japanese economic historians, to think over what researches we and our teachers have done. The purpose of this paper is to investigate "the grand transformation" that is taking place in the present day and to consider what lessons can be learnt for the study of Japanese Economic History from such drastic changes. In the first half of the paper, to explain the concept "the grand transformation", I place my focus upon the analysis of the world economic situation in the 1970s and suggest that the post-war world system, of which the U.S. and the Soviet Union had been the nucleus, has been failing to funtion properly, and that this change may be accounted for ultimately by a single economic factor, the growth of the microelectronic industry. In the second half, I examine major theories concerning "the grand transformation" advocated by E. Kato, R. Boyer, and M. Piofe & C. Sabel. They point out that the stuructural changes took place in various fields which were closely related to one another. But the important aspects of the world economy, the role of Japanese economy and the growth of microelectronic industry were entirely neglected in these studies. To recognize the significance of "the grand transformation" accurately, it must be understood that the system failure is the result of the decline of U.S. economic power and that it has two major roots. Those are technological changes that have made microelectronics the key technology and the disadvantages inherited in mass production. In relation to these, a preliminary hypothesis will be provided: such new business conditions may be advantageous to Japanese style management but not to the American style one; therefore we have some new issues. It is necessary to study why Japanese style management has gained an advantage over the other style and how it has developed itself in response to existing environments inside and outside the country.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2636K) -
萩原 伸次郎原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 91-95
発行日: 1992/05/25
公開日: 2017/09/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスPDF形式でダウンロード (423K) -
関口 尚志原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 96-108
発行日: 1992/05/25
公開日: 2017/09/28
ジャーナル オープンアクセスPDF形式でダウンロード (1272K)
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