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Volume 58 (1992 - 199･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 723-
- Issue 5 Pages 563-
- Issue 4 Pages 411-
- Issue 3 Pages 271-
- Issue 2 Pages 117-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 58, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Rene Girault, [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 271-281
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (1028K) -
Yoshimasa SHIBATAArticle type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 282-312
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSJapanese government started to control economy strongly since 1937, but some companies still could enjoy high-rate profits due to military procurements. Facing such situations, the Ministry of War demanded that the Ministry of Finance should enact a regulation ordinance for high-rate dividends in accordance with "National Mbbilization Law". In those days, the Ministry of Finance did not like the regulation on dividends of private companies. After a political struggle with the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Finance reluctantly promulgated "Imperial Ordinance concerning Dividend of Company and Banking Loan". This regulation ordinance was not entirely restrictive but marked the beginning of the war-time regulation system for company accounting. In 1939, World War II broke out, which stimulated Japanese economy and made price levels rising. In such a situation, Japanese government decided to control the price and wage levels and the Ministry of Finance promulgated "Imperial Ordinance concerning Temporary Measures for Wage of Company Worker" to regulate the wages of white color workers. But according to the Ordinance, the regulation of wages would be invalid in 1940. In 1940, therefore, the government promul-gated "Imperial Ordinance concerning Regulation for Company Accounting", and terminated the former two ordinances. This new ordinance regulated the company accounting in detail, so that government could control dividends, wages, bonuses, retirement allowanbes, rewards to executives and other expenditures of companies more strictly than before. All the levels and disimbursments had to get a permission from the government, with the administration agency being the Ministry of Financ. This tough regulation ordinance remained as a main controlling ordinance for company accounting until the end of the war. During the Pacific War, the government had to mobilize all the domestic equipments for military production; therefore, a number of equipments of less important industries were commanded to shift to more important industries. For the implementation of these measures, the government had to administrate a great deal of fund from the abolished companies. In 1943, "Law concerning Measures for Enterprise Reorganization Funds" was enacted and the government could block the fluctuated money in closed funds. After 1944, the Japanese economy received war damages by bombing, so that the government promulgated "Imperial Ordinantce concerning Special Measures for Enterprise Accounting". The war damages of companies accounting were recovered by this measure. Such a regulation system for company accounting remained until the end of the war.View full abstractDownload PDF (2897K) -
Susumu TSUKASEArticle type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 313-338
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis paper analyzes the relations between agricultural development and the construction of railways in Northeast China in the 20th century. The construction of the Chinese-Eastern Railway stimulated the cultivation of land along the lines and increased the speed of migratidn. Although the situations of agriculture in Northeast China were affected by various elements including her geographical conditions, the key determinant of the development of agricultural prodution was the construction of the railways. They promoted the influx of immigrants from North China, which played a critical role in the expansion of farmland. Given the conditions of farming technology at that time, it was the only way to increase the agricultural production. At the same time, the demand for soybeans in the world market experienced unprecedented growth in the export volume, which together with above stated escalation of the immgrants, generated an upsurge of total agricultural production in Northeast China. However, the conditions of agricultural production varied according to localities, that is, it was not limited to the monoculture of soybeans. This paper divides Northeast China into seven districts in accordance with railway networks and examines the features of agricultural conditions in each district. The growth of soybeans production, for example, was found mainly in newly cultivated lands along the Chinese-Eastern Railway, not in old, agricultural regions along the South Manchuria Railway. As noted above, the increase in agricultural production was only possible through the expantion of clativated land. The areas along the South Manchuria Railway could not fulfill this condition since they lack frontier land. This remained unchanged throughout the Manchukuo era until the 1960s when agricuitural technology improved.View full abstractDownload PDF (2124K) -
Yoko TANAKAArticle type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 339-369
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn the latter half of the 19th century, the industrial relations in German big heavy industry companies were stable, although the labour movement was growing rapidly. The previous research tends to point out, as the reason for this situation, the despotic character of the management of the big companies. The Factory-Meister, which was named after the traditional Handwerker-Meister, but formed to meet the new discipline of the factories, were said to be the end-actor to realize the despotism. The purpose of this paper is to examine in this context the real relations between the entrepreneur, Meister and the workers in the Fried. Krupp Co. which was one of the biggest companies at that time, and also was famous for the word of the entrepreneur, Alfred KRUPP, 'Herr im Hause', symbolizing the despotism. With the enlargement of the factory in the 1850s, the competence of the Factory-Meister was getting larger. The Meisters were to arrange all things at the shopfloor and also had much influence on the workers' labour conditions. But it can be pointed out that the Meisters were rather near the workers, and often represented their workers' interests. Alfred KRUPP wanted Meisters to become good managers at the same time, and he appointed some Meisters to Werksfuhrer as upper supervisors. But his effort didnot effectively succeed in the 1860s, because further enlargement of the factory and an increase of the technological staff, which were due to be competitive enough in the market, have required more hierachical management. Thus the Meisters remained rather in the shopfloor with the workers, apart from the managerial and technological upper hierarchy. This may be one of the elements for the success in integrating the workers in the company. This implies that not the despotism but the Meister-worker relation had an important role to industrial relations of the German big companies.View full abstractDownload PDF (2399K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 370-372
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (407K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 372-375
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (514K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 375-378
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (497K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 378-383
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (771K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 383-386
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (499K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 387-389
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (381K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 389-391
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (404K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 392-394
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (388K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 394-397
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (490K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 397-399
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (358K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 399-401
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (355K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 401-404
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (434K) -
Article type: Bibliography
1992 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 408-410
Published: September 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (179K)
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