This article provides an analysis of the formation and development of the cotton-producing districts in North China, focusing on questions of quality of the cotton grown during the decade beginning in 1910. In the period before 1910, there was little notable development in the cotton-producing districts in North China. Things began to change noticeably in 1910, with the rise in cotton exports from Tianjin. Cotton exported from Tianjin was destined for markets in East Asia, the United States, and Europe, and each of the markets required different qualities of cotton. There were close links between the demands for the markets and specific cotton-producing districts, and campaigns for cotton improvement in the districts were carried out in response to market demands. Another factor influencing the development of the cotton-producing regions was the inflow of machine-spun cotton yarn. While the import of machine-spun yarn had a direct impact on the indigenous weaving industry, its implications differed by cotton-producing district. This essay clarifies the importance of the developments during the decade of the 1910s-not simply as a prologue to what happens in the North China textile industry after 1920, but rather as a period during which the direction of later developments was shaped.
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