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Volume 75 (2009)
- Issue 6 Pages 585-
- Issue 5 Pages 475-
- Issue 4 Pages 365-
- Issue 3 Pages 249-
- Issue 2 Pages 117-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 75, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Shiho MATSUMURAArticle type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 365-388
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis paper examines the grain distribution system in China that was adopted to constrain industrial development, with the grain crisis following the Great Leap Forward as its turning point. It shows how shortage of commercial grain products restricted industrial development under a planned economy. The distribution system adopted in urban communities during the 1950s was an attempt at efficient distribution of grain, targeting only the non-agricultural population, which was the pillar of industrialization. While the objective of the distribution system was a reduction in grain supply to urban communities, it did not reduce the non-agricultural population itself. As a result of aggressive promotion of industrialization throughout the 1950s, the non-agricultural population steadily increased beyond the commercial grain-supply capacity. Beginning with the grain crisis at the start of the 1960s, efforts were made to reduce the non-agricultural population by combining the distribution system with a population registration system, leading to a retreat in industrialization. At the same time, a strong consciousness developed regarding the policy of considering non-agricultural population and the scale of industrialization together with the scale of commercial grain that could be supplied by the agricultural sector. In the 1970s, the volume of grain supply to the non-agricultural population came to be linked to the scale of the commercial grain supply. This meant that industrialization at that time was constrained by the scale of the commercial grain supply.View full abstractDownload PDF (2451K) -
Masahiro OGIYAMAArticle type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 389-411
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSPrior to World War II, large parts of Japan were characterized by economic underdevelopment: no industrialization and relatively low agricultural productivity. However, little is known about how such regional backgrounds affected local labour markets in these areas. This paper investigates the transformation of labour supply in northern Akita prefecture, a typical underdeveloped region, by focusing on the employment of domestic servants from the 1910s to the early 1920s. Until the early 1910s, employers of domestic servants in northern Akita prefecture recruited daughters from peasant families as workers without any difficulty; further, the wage level remained stagnant. This suggests that the supply of labour was unlimited, as defined by W. Arthur Lewis. From the late 1910s, however, this region experienced remarkable agricultural growth and saw a rapid increase in rice yield. As a result, it was more profitable for peasant families to have their daughters work on farms rather than to send them to work as domestic servants. Under these circumstances, employers of domestic servants were unable to recruit workers without offering higher wages. This implies that in underdeveloped regions, agricultural development made labour scarce and put an end to the unlimited supply of labour.View full abstractDownload PDF (2274K) -
Tomoyasu KATOArticle type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 413-434
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis paper examines the personnel management problems of Tokyo city government and the measures taken to counteract them. And, based on Shinji SUGAYAMA's theory of employees and the case of Tokyo city, this paper presents a hypothesis for the labour market of public officials. Tokyo city needed to improve the employment stability of its staff. Salaries were therefore raised regularly, and pension rules were revised favorably. However, the number of poorly paid civil servants kept increasing because the rate of salary raises was lower than that of prices and the average wages in Tokyo. And they had no job security. The staff turnover decreased but did not disappear. The city needed to eliminate employment through favoritism. An employment rule was therefore established, providing that that only those who passed the city employment test or had proper educational background were qualified. But this rule was not applied rigorously, and employment through favoritism continued rampant. The labour market of public officials in the late Meiji era was characterized by frequent job-hopping, an oversupply of labour, and poor working conditions. Educational background was not considered an important qualification.View full abstractDownload PDF (2369K) -
Michihiko SUZUKIArticle type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 435-452
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis study examines the activities of the industrial experiment station during the interwar period to identify its importance in the development of the local silk industry and to determine its historical role. The silk industry in the Gunnai region produced ingrain fabric used for lining as its core product and focused on large-variety, small-quantity production. Social division of labour had not yet developed sufficiently in the industry, and Yamanashi prefecture's industrial experiment station played a major role in the development of preparation and finishing procedures at the beginning and end of the weaving process. The participation of the industrial experimental station made it possible for the industry to make technological advances that it would not have been able to make solely on its own. The station promoted the role of social division of labour within the local industry and later assisted in the establishment of a private, dedicated production-process business, thereby contributing to a consistent ingrain fabric production in the region.View full abstractDownload PDF (1749K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 453-454
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (350K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 454-456
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (479K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 456-458
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (487K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 458-461
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (652K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 461-463
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (497K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 463-465
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (509K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 465-467
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (478K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 467-468
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (327K) -
Article type: Bibliography
2009 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 470-471
Published: November 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (141K)
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