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Volume 76 (2010)
- Issue 4 Pages 501-
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- Issue 2 Pages 157-
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Volume 76, Issue 1
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Teppei DOIArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 3-20
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis article explores the characteristics of the labour market and employment in the mining industry in Japan from the 1900s to the 1910s, taking as examples Ashio and Osarizawa mines. Miners in modern Japan formed communities known as tomoko. Their members handed down their technical skills only to fellow tomoko members and mediated employment for members. In order to correctly understand the characteristics of the labour market of miners, it is necessary to prove how tomoko participated in their employment. However, there exist few studies and unconfirmed details. Based on the idea above, I analyzed the realities of the employment of miners by using tomoko management materials. I ascertained that tomoko maintained the demand-and-supply balance in the labour market by training miners and mediating jobs and also found that workers sometimes moved from one mine to another through introductions provided by tomoko and that the patterns of how they moved had regional differences.View full abstractDownload PDF (1827K) -
Hiroaki ISHIIArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 21-42
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis paper examines the movement to repeal business tax initiated by the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and other trade associations in 1922. This paper counter-argues an established interpretation that the movement was driven by small-sized enterprises which allegedly suffered from a heavier tax burden than big businesses. This paper proves that the real argument for tax repeal was based not on the size of enterprises but on the method of taxation, because the retail and whole-sale industry was the only sector that was taxed on the basis of the total amount of sales, regardless of profit levels. The movement succeeded in bringing about a reduction in business tax rates, and this should be understood in the historical backdrop of major changes in political structure, including the budget deals between the government and political parties following the Washington Naval Treaty, and diversification of interests of landlords and farmers in the rural areas. This movement also suggests that the activities of interest groups addressing the government, political parties, and parliament members during this period in Japan were comparable to American-style lobbying.View full abstractDownload PDF (2363K) -
Changmin LEEArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 43-64
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWhen rice export began in great quantities from the 1890s, the profits from inland distribution and foreign trade of Korean rice were divided between inland brokers (gyak-ju) and grain merchants in the ports towns. One of the reasons why inland brokers were prosperous in the 1890s was the particular contract structure between inland brokers and grain merchants. An optimal contract allowed inland brokers a big margin, resulting from information asymmetry, such as inadequate monitoring of inland brokers on the part of grain merchants. However, the appearance of telecommunications changed the contract structure, resulting in the decline of inland brokers. Grain merchants prospered through the use of telecommunications for the rice trade. First of all, telecommunications allowed grain merchants to use the Rice Exchange to heir advantage. Additionally, as trade based on telecommunications was established among grain merchants, the role of agents in the rice trade drastically declined. However, not all agents, including inland brokers, disappeared from the grain market. They were able to find new business opportunities in decreasing new transaction costs derived from increased anonymous trade.View full abstractDownload PDF (2380K) -
Irai OKUDAArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 65-80
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to clarify changes in the self-government of "cho"in modern Kyoto. Cho is the basic town unit characterized as a mutual-aid and mutual surveillance body since the Muromachi period (1336-1573). In the Meiji era (1868-1912), cho was a traditional system of self-government organized exclusively by house-owners. By the late Meiji, this system became subject to criticism by the press and by tenants in many cho. In 1919, for example, tenants of Rokkaku-cho struggled against house-owners for the right to participate in self-government. The background of this struggle was the rapid industrialization in Kyoto in the Taisho era (1912-1926), the rice riots (kome-sodo) of 1918, and the campaign for universal suffrage. As a result, the cho system was overhauled. The most important change was that cho officials were no longer limited to house-owners. Tenants, too, could become officials, with rights equal to those of house-owners. Furthermore, reforms were made in cost-sharing and traditions relating to ceremonial occasions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1717K) -
Shin'ichi IWAMOTOArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 81-97
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis article aims to explain empirically the industrialization of the Japanese clothing sector. This industrialization process strongly reflected the variety of products manufactured by the textile industry. Industrialization of the clothing sector had started by the end of the 19th century. From that time, sewing machines were in wide use, while the scale of factory-based manufacture ranged from large to small, and home-based manufacture was also common. Further, statistical records began to classify various kinds of factories, occupations, and products, including knitting, tailoring, sewing, hats, and socks, and so on. Factory-scale businesses can be divided into four: large-, middle-, and small-sized plants, and domestic manufacture. Domestic production experienced an especially wide expansion. Many factories were related through trust relations. Some factories made few types of goods, and other factories manufactured many items since sewing machines could be set up either in one or multiple locations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1810K) -
Tomoko IUCHIArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 99-118
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis paper investigates the activities of the Garment Association from 1929 through 1934. The association was an auxiliary institution of the Japanese Army, founded in 1929 to secure textile resources, standardize civilian and military clothing, as well as proliferate domestic woolen goods in preparation for all-out war. In particular, the Garment Association promoted the westernization of clothing and a "movement to standardize clothing" of all kinds, notably school uniforms, calling for the wide use of army khaki, a change supported by military-supply companies. With disarmament following World War I, military-supply enterprises shifted their focus to the civilian sector. They supported the Garment Association amid the recession, in an effort partly designed to prevent a further decrease in consumption. The military-supply industry supported the Garment Association's measures as a way to stimulate clothing consumption. Though initial attempts to spread use of army khaki clothing were thwarted by negative association that linked khakis to the military, a recommendation by the association pushed matters forward at the prefectural level, resulting in both the adoption of uniforms in secondary boys' schools and a drop in price due to mass production.View full abstractDownload PDF (2201K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 119-120
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (353K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 121-122
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (363K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 122-125
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (678K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 125-127
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (504K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 127-129
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (526K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 129-131
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (497K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 131-133
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (475K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 133-135
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (493K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 136-138
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (498K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 138-140
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (472K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 140-142
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (485K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 142-144
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (495K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 144-146
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (490K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 146-148
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (479K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 148-150
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (432K) -
Article type: Bibliography
2010 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 151-153
Published: May 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 18, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (193K)
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