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Volume 80 (2014 - 201･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 457-
- Issue 3 Pages 291-
- Issue 2 Pages 125-
- Issue 1 Pages 5-
Volume 80, Issue 2
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Kazuho SAKAIArticle type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 125-148
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn the late Edo period, during a period when the local market was growing, local merchants played important roles in the development of both the local economy and local autonomy. Some of the merchants who assisted with local management became involved in the financial administration of the feudal lords, especially hatamoto. This paper examines the ways in which their participation changed the financial system of the hatamoto lord, and the role of the hatamoto lord's finance in the local community. The key finding of this paper is that a budget surplus, known as the "betsukado tsumioki kin", was created and used, not for the lord's own family, but to support local economic development and infrastructure improvement. This paper also shows that repayment to local creditors took precedence over repayment to metropolitan creditors. Furthermore, a deposit of ten percent per annum was set aside for the lord's household and military expenditure, and these funds could not be used for local administration. From this we can see the incentives for local merchants to block cash outflow from the local area and accumulate wealth within. That is to say, their participation changed the hatamoto lord's finances to local public finance.View full abstractDownload PDF (2427K) -
Toru HOSOYAArticle type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 149-171
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis paper examines historical features of emigration to Manchuria, focusing on the creation of branch villages during the war. Branch villages were designed to have a certain number of farming households and a certain number of acres of farm land based on concepts about the appropriate, manageable size of farms. The policy emphasized emigration of entire families from their home villages in what could be termed an outflow of the rural labor force. However, many of the farmers who emigrated with their families planned to return to their home villages in the future, as we can see from the practice of leaving relatives in charge of farm land in their home village. Thus, there was little evidence of farming households permanently leaving their home villages. The policy was an unrealistic one for farmers, who wanted to protect family assets and preserve the family line. The policy had a marked effect on home villages and settlements once emigrants departed. For example, the large outflow of farm families led to a decline in agricultural productivity due to a shortage of labor. In response, policymakers initiated home village improvement plans. The response by farmers and policies implemented by their home villages were closely related, and this fact profoundly influenced the growth of branch villages.View full abstractDownload PDF (2433K) -
Tomonori DOIArticle type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 173-193
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDuring the late 19th century the Qing increased public finance, with state income increasing by a factor of six. Under the Qing system, the Ministry of Finance kept records using the baoxiao report system; the newly increased revenues were not included in this reporting system, and were referred to as waixiao. Earlier research has viewed the increase of waixiao as one of the results of the expansion of the authority of regional officials and the weakening of centralized integration. However, this paper shows that a 1908 fiscal reform promoted central control over waixiao, and argues that earlier views of the struggle between regional officials and central authorities over waixiao are only partially true. In some cases the Governor-Generals and Governors made positive efforts to report waixiao, while the Ministry of Finance tried to conceal it. This paper argues against an explanation that sees growing conflict between the regional officials and the central state as a major cause of the collapse of the Qing. We can also see that the reform, which began as part of the effort to change budget planning as part of the institution of constitutional government, offered ideas for the establishment of a budget process under the Republic.View full abstractDownload PDF (2304K) -
Junichi TANAKAArticle type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 195-211
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDuring the nineteenth century, Rhine river transportation underwent a multi-faceted transition. One of the sectors affected by that transition was the contract-based regular shipping service using sailing ships, which is the subject of this research note. Earlier research has seen this sector as part of the traditional and monopolistic transport system that collapsed under the impact of liberalization and the introduction of steam-powered towage. This is not wholly correct. The traditional system continued to develop during the long period of transition to a free navigation system, and only disappeared with the introduction of the new technology of steamships. The paper shows that there was a complicated relationship between system of contract-based shipping, the growth in demand for animal-powered towage and the introduction of steam-powered towage for shipping.View full abstractDownload PDF (1780K) -
Kiyotaka MAEDAArticle type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 213-231
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis study explores the role of a trade association in the early twentieth century through an analysis of the contents of newsletters published by the Japan Salt Industry Association (JSIA) from 1896 to 1903. The results of our analysis are as follows. First, bureaucrats of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce (MAC) and salt manufacturers in the Setouchi area played central roles in the operation of JSIA. Second, most of the articles in JSIA's newsletters were written by bureaucrats of the MAC. Third, the contents of the newsletters varied with policy changes for the salt industry and volume of salt imports. The MAC conveyed information about salt industry policies to salt manufacturers through the JASI's newsletters. In contrast, salt manufacturers did not tend to exchange information within the industry. JSIA was founded by MAC bureaucrats striving to protect against salt imports in cooperation with salt manufacturers striving to promote salt exports. The role of JSIA's newsletters was to convey information from MAC to manufacturers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1957K) -
Machi SASAIArticle type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 233-249
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSilkwomen were skilled craftswomen who were engaged in silkwork mainly in late medieval London. The aim of this article is to examine the social relations of fifteenth and sixteenth century London silkwomen based on their wills. Wills were examined with a focus on people and organizations that appear as recipients of bequests. Then these wills were compared with wills from the same time period of other women and cutlers. Using the wills, we can create a picture of the silkwomens' social relations with various individuals and groups, including other silkwomen, various organizations, local communities, and colleagues of their husbands. Although similar relations can also be observed in wills of contemporary London women, relations with their colleagues and male friends can be seen as one of the characteristics of silkwomen's wills. The comparison of silkwomen's wills with cutlers' wills shows that silkwomen, who were not members of a craft guild, relied on different organizations for religious activities and mutual aid-functions that a craft guild would have played. One of the characteristics of the silkwomen, who operated without a craft guild, was the wide range of their social relations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1811K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 251-252
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (336K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 253-255
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (481K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 255-256
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (356K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 257-259
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (499K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 259-260
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (336K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 261-262
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (338K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 263-265
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (495K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 265-267
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (499K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 267-269
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (487K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 269-271
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (483K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 271-273
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (488K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 273-276
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (635K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 276-278
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (396K) -
Article type: Bibliography
2014 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 283-285
Published: August 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (195K)
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