生活衛生
Online ISSN : 1883-6631
Print ISSN : 0582-4176
ISSN-L : 0582-4176
51 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
総説
  • 板野 一臣
    2007 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 57-65
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/04/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mercury is present in the environment in elemental, inorganic and organic (methylated) forms. As methylmercury bioaccumulates up the marine food chain, large predatory species such as tuna, shark and swordfish have high concentrations of methylmercury in their tissue. Almost all of the mercury in marine fish is methylmercury. As small cetaceans such as toothed whale and dolphin are long-lived and occupy the top of the marine food chain, they contain more mercury in their tissue than large predatory fish. Small cetaceans demethylate methylmercury into inorganic mercury and store it in the liver as mercury selenide. Marine seafood is one of the major sources of mercury in the human food chain.
    The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for methylmercury of 3.3 μg/kg-body weight for the general population was established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1972. In 1973, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare set the provisional permitted levels of total mercury and methylmercury in marine food at 0.4 and 0.3 μg/wet-g, respectively. These levels were based on the PTWI of JECFA. In 2003, from the outcomes of two cohort studies in the Faroe Islands and Seychelles Islands regarding the effect of fetal methylmercury exposure on children’s development, JECFA set the PTWI of methylmercury at 1.6 μg/kg-body weight for pregnant women. In 2005, the Japanese Food Safety Commission announced a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for methylmercury of 2.0 μg/kg-body weight for women who are or may be pregnant. The Japanese average daily intake of mercury from foods is about 60% of the TWI.
解説
  • 大阪市環境マップ作成事業の経験から
    今井 長兵衛
    2007 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 66-84
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/04/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    This article explains the strategy and methodology for promoting citizen participation in the activities of biological diversity surveys basing on the experiences of the Environmental Resources Mapping Project in Osaka City. The project was carried out in fiscal years 1991-1997 by the municipal government with 1200 citizen participants; the author worked as the organizer of citizen volunteers throughout the project period. Encouragement of participants was attained by offering them opportunities for participation in group activities, by giving them intensive and systematic training through instructor group leaders and survey manuals, by providing them with opportunities to report the results of their own surveys, by publishing their findings in mass-media such as television and newspapers, and by issuing annual reports on the project. With active participation, the project was able to publish four colored environmental resource maps, one course guidebook, and two mesh data books as final reports on its activity. Since the completion of the project, the network of citizen volunteers, one of the most valuable fruits of the project, has been maintained by shifting the work base to the Eco Museum of Osaka, a center for environmental education founded in 1997.
報文
  • 三浦 克之, 中尾 隆文, 東海 秀吉, 藤本 幸栄, 藤井 比佐子, 橋本 文彦, 竹内 一秀, 平山 佳伸
    2007 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 85-91
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/04/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    A placebo-controlled, double-blind study was performed to assess the safety of excessive intake of xylooligo-saccharide-containing vinegar drinks. Forty-six volunteers with fecal frequency of less than 5 times per week were enrolled and the effects of the drink on defecation were also examined. Two-week administration of the test drink (at three times the daily recommended intake) did not affect blood pressure, hematological data, blood chemistry or urinalysis. No abnormal changes or severe adverse events related to the test drink were observed. The test drink significantly increased the fecal frequency of mildly constipated subjects but the placebo had no effect. These data indicate that the xylooligosaccharide-containing vinegar drink is safe in healthy subjects and that the drink has beneficial effects on defecation in mildly constipated subjects.
  • ―おからを用いた消火剤―
    馬場 二夫, 中平 真由巳, 松井 正枝, 坂本 直久, 船越 康夫
    2007 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 92-100
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/04/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a way of utilizing bean-curd refuse (okara) from processed soybean foods, use in fire-extinguishing agent was investigated. In the case of a frying-oil fire, the flames could be extinguished within a few seconds by throwing into the pan a handful of okara impregnated with an appropriate volume of water. The best ratio of okara to water was 1:2 by weight. It was also very effective in kerosene fires, which were put out within two minutes. This fire-extinguishing agent has various advantages, such as safety, easy operation, easy after-cleaning and low cost. Okara impregnated with water goes bad easily, but if a suitable preventive agent such as boric acid or potassium sorbate is added, it can be stored for more than six months in an electric refrigerator. Okara impregnated with boric acid has the characteristic of excellent ignition resistance.
ノート
  • ―油等の吸収剤としての利用―
    馬場 二夫, 中平 真由巳, 松井 正枝
    2007 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 101-105
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/04/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effective utilization of bean-curd refuse (okara) as an oil absorbent was investigated. Dried okara has hydrophilic and lipophilic properties and excellent oil-absorbing activity. While the oil-absorbing activity of okara is slightly inferior to that of commercially available agents, its price is less than one hundredth that of such preparations, which is around five thousand yen per kg. Its various applications include use as an absorbent of oil accidentally spilt on roads, fields, rivers or ponds, as an absorbent of waste oil, or as a cleaning agent for oil-stained machines or vessels.
    The use of okara offers many merits, such as light handling, easy after-treatment, constant supply, and effective utilization of food processing waste.
  • 黒田 孝一
    2007 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 106-109
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/04/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The annual total number of mesothelioma deaths in Japan has been increasing since 1995, when the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare began to record the number in demographics and statistics. Mesothelioma deaths are mainly caused by inspiration of asbestos. Since a great deal of asbestos has been imported and used, many people are concerned about a future increase in mesothelioma deaths. The increase in the annual total number of mesothelioma deaths is not regular. However, the cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths fits perfectly with the formula y = 24.77x2 + 492.2x + 538.69 (R2=0.9999), in which y is the cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths and x is year - 1995. The cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths in the years 2010 (x=15) and 2025 (x=30) were calculated as 13,495 and 37,598, respectively. Although these values showed a high correlation with the cumulative weight of imported asbestos over the previous 30 years, the correlation did not seem to be useful in estimating the future burden of mesothelioma deaths, since the time taken by inspired asbestos to cause mesothelioma is very variable.
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