巻号一覧
51 巻 (2007)
- 6 号 p. 375-
- 5 号 p. 295-
- 4 号 p. 215-
- 3 号 p. 141-
- 2 号 p. 57-
- 1 号 p. 3-
51 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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総説
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和田 崇之2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 141-148
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/06/08
ジャーナル フリーDrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has been increasing worldwide. It is important to identify drug-resistance in bacilli rapidly to suppress the spread of drug-resistant TB. The currently available drug-susceptibility testing methods can be classified according to two strategies: 1) culture of bacilli on testing media including anti-tubercular agents to check their viability; and 2) detection of mutations relative to drug-resistant phenotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we summarize the relationships between drug-resistance and genes of M. tuberculosis. We also present a rapid detection system for drug-resistant TB using real-time PCR. This method is simple, rapid, and accurate, and can therefore be applied to detect drug-resistant M. tuberculosis in clinical laboratories.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (900K)
解説
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酒井 護2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 149-155
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/06/08
ジャーナル フリーLocal governments have been implementing waste reduction measures to build a resource-circulating society. The present report describes an evaluation of the influence on waste reduction of residents’ awareness. The relation between the basic unit of waste volume in various municipalities and the number of sorted items and collection fees was examined using data from the Ministry of the Environment. Although a temporary waste-reducing effect of these measures was confirmed, it was not sustainable if not followed up with activities to raise residents’ awareness.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1160K) -
山野 哲夫2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 156-159
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/06/08
ジャーナル フリーFood analytical data are used to judge whether contaminant and additive content are below the corresponding maximum acceptable levels in foods. These data have by their intrinsic nature some degree of variability. The integrated variability is expressed as “measurement uncertainty” and the value obtained by subtracting the uncertainty from the reported concentration is used to assess compliance. The uncertainty value is also used as a criterion to select analytical methods for food control. In the “criteria approach”, uncertainty in methods in which the cost of analysis is balanced against potential loss due to incorrect decision is compared to the characteristic of uncertainty in methods based on either activity-based procedures or precision data. This article describes the recent trend of food control regulations in the EU and the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius Commission with special reference to uncertainty.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (568K)
報文
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今井 長兵衛2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 160-171
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/06/08
ジャーナル フリーClimate change in urban areas is affected by global trends such as global warming and by local trends such as heat-island phenomenon. Heat islands are formed in urban areas by urbanization. This paper analyzed summer (August) climate change in Osaka City, central Japan, during the period from 1883 (or 1890) to 2006 using the monthly means or totals of six climate parameters. During these 124 (or 117) years, the monthly means of daily mean, maximum and minimum air temperature increased by 2.0°C, 1.5°C, and 2.7°C, respectively, while the relative humidity and the duration of sunshine decreased by 11% and 33 hours, respectively. Rainfall showed a stable trend with large fluctuations. Relative humidity decreased at a very low rate (2.7%/100 years) in 1883-1950, but at a higher rate (13%/100 years) in 1951-2006. Regression of the three temperature parameters and relative humidity to rainfall and sunshine values suggested that the trend difference in temperature and humidity change from the middle of the 20th century cannot be explained by only local natural factors such as rainfall and sunshine, but is mainly due to urbanization.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (878K) -
下崎 昭雄, 今木 雅英, 吉田 幸恵, 北小路 学, 棚田 成紀2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 172-177
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/06/08
ジャーナル フリーTo obtain the basic data, statistical analyses were conducted on the relationship between the percentage of obesity and social, economic and cultural parameters using the figures obtained at the prefectural levels. Those over the age of 20 years and with a BMI exceeding 25.0 defined as obese. It appears that the percentage of obese individuals is inversely related to the employment rate, income level, the percentage of high school graduates going to universities, desirability of housing milieu and consumption expenses of the area. The results of the current study indicated that the prevalence of obesity might be partly controlled by the social, economic and cultural factors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (143K)
資料
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山本 攻2007 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 178-184
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/06/08
ジャーナル フリーIn about 1950, the surrounding coastal cities began to deposit in Osaka Bay the human excreta that could not be used or disposed of on land. In connection, researchers from the Osaka Municipal Hygienic Laboratory undertook a rapid survey of the state of pollution in the Bay and established that, while pollution was present in the sea disposal area, it was severer at the mouth of rivers. After the survey, the researchers joined the research committee chaired by Professor Miura of Kyoto University, which operated with the aid of the Scientific Experimental Research Fund of the Ministry of Education, and studied pollution in Osaka Bay, the effect of sea disposal on fish, the behavior of the deposited excreta in the sea, and the viability of E. coli in seawater.
The present material was written to commemorate the work of the Hygienic Laboratory in the study of human excreta disposal in Osaka Bay. It consists of a history of human excreta treatment and disposal in Osaka City up to the beginning of sea disposal, related laws during the same period, the situation regarding sea disposal and pollution in the Bay, and the activities of a committee of Osaka Bay coastal cities set up to research human excreta disposal problems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1000K)
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