生活衛生
Online ISSN : 1883-6631
Print ISSN : 0582-4176
ISSN-L : 0582-4176
51 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
総説
  • 桝元 慶子
    2007 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 215-224
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/08/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    In recent years a marked “heat island” phenomenon has been noted in urban areas, but with specific local characteristics, so that specific procedures for climate moderation will be needed for each region. The characteristics of air temperature distribution in summer are different in each region and time zone. The air temperature of regions in low latitudes is not necessarily high in August. In the daytime, the temperature rise is in some cases greater in the suburbs than in the center of the city. The study of the time-space distribution of energy supply in Osaka City revealed that the electric power supply amount per unit of floor area differs considerably between central commercial and business districts and suburban residential districts. Data obtained through the Heat Island Measurement Network of Osaka City showed that the air temperature rose from the west to the east in the daytime. On the other hand, at night and in the early morning, the temperature was highest in the center of the city. The study demonstrates the relationship between these typical urban areas and the heat island phenomenon and suggests that a detailed menu that takes account of the character of each area is necessary. In order to take more effective measures, it is important to characterize each area and to bring entrepreneurs and residents to understand the need for them.
解説
  • 今井 長兵衛
    2007 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 225-240
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/08/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV) and Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) are closely related and all belong to the JEV antigen group of flaviviruses. An epidemic of WNV was first reported from the United States in 1999, where an SLEV epidemic had been observed since 1933 in central and southern regions. Recently, the probability of the spread of WNV to Japan has increased year by year. The present article first described the relationship between the WNV and SLEV epidemics in the United States in order to suggest the existence of a cross-immunity to WNV caused by SLEV infection in the American population. Secondly, the past and present status of JEV epidemics and JEV vaccination in Japan were explained in relation to the socio-economic changes after the Second World War. Finally, the article suggested that the level of cross-immunity to WNV caused by natural infection and vaccination with JEV in the Japanese population may not be high enough to prevent a WNV epidemic after the possible future spread of WNV to Japan.
報文
  • 三浦 克之, 中尾 隆文, 東海 秀吉, 藤本 幸栄, 藤井 比佐子, 橋本 文彦, 竹内 一秀, 平山 佳伸
    2007 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 241-248
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/08/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    A placebo-controlled, double-blind study was performed to assess the safety of excessive intake of yogurt containing more than 107 cfu/g of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12. Fifty-seven volunteers with fecal frequency of less than five times per week were enrolled. The effect of the food on defecation was also examined. Two-week administration of the test food (more than three times the daily recommended intake) did not affect blood pressure, hematological data, blood chemistry or urinalysis. No abnormal changes or severe adverse events related to the test food were observed. The test food significantly increased the fecal frequency of mildly constipated subjects but placebo yogurt had a similar effect. Placebo yogurt tended to reduce stool hardness while the test food increased the frequency of stool with normal hardness maintained. These data indicate that yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 is safe in healthy subjects and that it has beneficial effects on defecation in mildly constipated subjects.
ノート
  • 吉田 英生, 羽田 尚彦
    2007 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 249-252
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/08/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The anti-fatigue properties of odorless garlic extract (OGE) were investigated by monitoring the recovery rate from muscular fatigue in anesthetized rats. In the experiment, muscular fatigue was induced by applying rapid electric stimulations to the skeletal muscle. Fatigue recovery rates were measured after a 60- and a 90-minute interval in the treated group and the control group, respectively.
    The results indicated that OGE had a certain degree of anti-fatigue effect (p<0.1) in the treated group (1g/kg/day oral administration of OGE for 14days). No significant body weight change in either group was observed during the experiment period, suggesting that OGE is safe at the dosage given (1g/kg/day).
  • 船坂 邦弘, 古市 裕子, 桝元 慶子, 板野 泰之, 宮崎 竹二, 藁科 宗博, 神浦 俊一
    2007 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 253-258
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/08/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Total suspended particulate samples collected on the day of a yellow sand storm were chemically and externally researched. Scanning electron microprobe observation showed the accumulated square-built form of the mineral particles in the sample from the day of the yellow sand storm, while chemical analysis suggested rich calcium and iron content in the yellow sand sample. Samples collected on other days in contrast contained higher levels of sulfuric and nitrate anions. Calculation of the Fe/Mn ratio of the particulate samples suggested that the Fe/Mn ratio of the yellow sand sample was close to that of soil in the Chinese desert area as recorded in the literature. Moreover, the PAH concentration in the yellow sand sample was rather lower than in the other samples. It was therefore concluded that the yellow sand particles collected on April 2 to 3 in Osaka City were not derived from a specific polluted area but rather came directly from the Chinese desert area.
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