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Volume 25, Issue 3
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[in Japanese]1988 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 117
Published: December 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (136K) -
Masatoshi TANAKA, Shogo TOKUTOME, Tadakatsu OHNAKA, Yukio FUJII1988 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 119-127
Published: December 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf the 9, 328 autopsy records of the Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office from 1978 to 1982, 83 cases were diagnosed as death from cold. Of the 83 cases (74 males and 9 females), a greater number of males was of forties and fifties. Most of the males were inebriate and/or vagabond. The urban hypothermia was found more often at environmental temperatures from 0 to 5°C in December, January and February. Sixty-three cases were found outdoors; on a road, at an open space, in a public lavatory, etc. Most of them were of poor physique and poorly nourished.
Chronic lesions of liver such as fatty degeneration, liver cirrhosis and hepatitis, probably due to alcoholism were found in many cases. Alcoholic concentration of 1.5-2.4 mg/ml was detected in their blood, which means that they were at medium drunkenness, and of over 2.5 mg/ml was often detected in the forties and fifties.View full abstractDownload PDF (1087K) -
Kazuyo HAYAKAWA, Norio ISODA1988 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 129-136
Published: December 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhysiological and psychological effects of the ambient temperature and the air velocity on human body during physical exercise were experimentally investigated.
The effects were measured for seven different ambient temperatures, i.e., 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C, and for two different air velocities, i.e., 2.8m/s and about 0.2m/s. The exercise consisted of pedalling a bicycle ergometer at the rate of 50 rpm with a constant load of 1 kp. Each exercise lasted for 40 minutes. The subjects were six healthy women of ages 21 to 25 and they wore sports-wear, socks, bra, and panty (0.5 do) during exercise. For the case of the air velocity 2.8m/s, the air flow started when the subject began to pedal and stopped at the end of the exercise. The relative humidity was arranged to be 50%. The flow air temperature and the mean radiant temperature were equal to the ambient temperature.
The experiments were carried out in 1986. The results were as follows:
(1) During exercise correlation between the whole thermal sensation and both the mean skin temperature and the mean body temperature was observed. The thermal neutrality during exercise was reported in the summer when the mean skin temperature was about 30°C-32°C, and this temperature was higher than the ones in the winter and the spring.
(2) The metabolic rate was higher at Ta=5°C and 35°C and lower at Ta=15°C and 20°C than at the other temperature. The heart rate was the least at Ta=15°C and 20°C when the air velocity was 2.8m/s.
(3) The thermal comfort vote during exercise was reported in the range between -2: cool and +1: slightly warm when the mean skin temperature was 24°C-29°C in the winter, 27°C-31°C in the spring, and 28°C-32°C in the summer.
(4) In view of the thermal comfort vote and the physiological effects the recommended ambient temperature for exercise was 10°C-45°C in the winter, 15°C-20°C in the spring, and 16°C-23°C in the summer.View full abstractDownload PDF (878K) -
Takashi KUMAE, Kazuo SUGAWARA, Kazuhiko MACHIDA1988 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 137-145
Published: December 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExcept for routinely determined serum chloride, carbonate and phosphate, there are few experiments dealing with the levels of inorganic anions. In this paper, the levels of serum inorganic anions in healthy volunteers were determined by ion chromatographic method and seasonal changes were examined.
Blood samples were always collected in early morning (A.M. 6: 00 from April to November and A.M. 6: 30 from December to March) from a group of 13 males (mean age; 21.5 years) awoke and kept at rest in bed.
1. The serum phosphate values measured by ion chromatographic method well correlated with the values by colorimetric assay, although the values by ion chromatographic method were slightly higher.
2. The levels of serum inorganic anions in healthy volunteers were as follows: phosphate; 0.801mmol/l-1.702mmol/l (mean 1.311mmol/l), bromide; 0.043mmol/1-0.121mmol/l (mean 0.081mmol/l), nitrate; 0.025mmol/l-0.249mmol/l (mean 0.102mmol/l), and sulphate; 0.205mmol/l-0.529mmol/l (mean 0.340mmol/l) .
3. Serum phosphate, bromide, nitrate and sulphate changed significantly with a circannual rhythm. Statistical significances (P<0.001; paired t-test) were observed in all inorganic anions between the highest monthly mean values and the lowest.
Therefore, to compare the measurement values of serum inorganic anions, the season of serum collection must be considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1169K) -
Koichi NONAKA, Yoko IMAIZUMI1988 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 147-156
Published: December 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the effects of birth season on some metabolic, mental or neurological disorders, the patients who died in 1979-1985 with an ICD three-digit code of 270-359 were distributed according to their month of birth. The expected number of patients for each birth month was calculated from the monthly distribution of general births in the corresponding years. Excess of patients was assessed by the Observed/Expected ratio calculated for each month of birth. Disorders of plasma protein metabolism (ICD: 273) and muscular dystrophies and other myopathies (359) showed an excess of early-summer-born patients, for both sexes. This excess of early-summer-born patients was observed in some other diseases: disorders of lipoid metabolism (272), inflammatory and toxic neuropathy (357), arteriosclerotic dementia (290.4), disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance (276), grand mal status epilepsy (345.3), unspecified epilepsy (345. 9), and other demyelinating diseases of central nervous system (341) . An elevation in the number of patients born in the latter half of a year was observed in alcohol dependence syndrome (303) for both sexes, and bacterial meningitis (320) for male patients. Paralysis agitans in Parkinson disease (332. 0, male), and motor neuron diseases (335. 2, female) showed a trough of November-December born patients. The present pilot analysis suggests that some diseases with unknown etiology have some relation with seasonal environmental factors operating around the birth of the patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
Tomie OHNO1988 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 157-162
Published: December 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of thermal acclimation on fasting (96 h) -induced modifications in the substrate metabolism and sympathetic activity was studied in rats. The increase in body weight was smaller in cold-acclimated rats (5°C, 4wk) (CA) and heat-acclimated rats (33°C, 4wk) (HA) than that in warm controls (25°C) (WC) . Fasting-induced decrease in body weight was greater in CA, while it was smaller in HA as compared with WC. Blood glucose was lower in HA, and fasting decreased it in all groups to the same extent. Blood free fatty acids did not differ among the groups, and fasting increased it in all groups. Its increase was greater in CA. Plasma glycerol was higher in CA, and fasting increased it in WC, but not in CA and HA. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid was higher in CA, and fasting increased it in all groups. Its increase was greater in HA and smaller in CA. Urinary excretion of vanilmandelic acid did not differ among the groups, and fasting decreased it in all groups. Its decrease was smaller in CA, showing the higher excretion than in WC and HA. Urinary excretion of metanephrine + normetanephrine was higher in CA. Fasting did not affect it, and CA kept the higher excretion. These results indicate that the modified substrate metabolism and sympathetic activity by thermal acclimation may influence the fasting-induced changes in these indices.View full abstractDownload PDF (754K) -
Masami IRIKI, Kiyoshi TSUCHIYA, Ikuo KINNO, Kinji UCHINO, Yoshikatsu K ...1988 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 163-171
Published: December 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study oral thermometry and to obtain standard values of oral temperature of healthy Japanese, the results obtained from 1, 022 subjects (male 486, female 536) were analysed after excluding 1, 212 subjects, who reported subjective complaints, heavy breathing, and mouth opening during thermometry, as well as those who exercised, bathed or evacuated within one hour before thermometry, 1) The oral temperature was 36.68±0.35°C measured for 3 min, 36.82°C±0.30°C for 5 mm, 36.90±0.29°C for 7 min, and 36.96±0.31°C for 10 min. The axillary temperature of the same subjects was 36.72±0.36°C measured for a period longer than 10min. The time for obtaining a stable oral temperature was caused by the thermometer itself, and not by the change of temperature of the cavity, which is the case in axillary thermometry. 2) The mean value of the oral temperature (5min) was 0.14±0.36°C higher than that of the axillary temperature (longer than 10min) . However, there were many cases, in which the oral temperature was lower than the axillary temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (1053K)
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